Ground Water Quality Problems in Summit-Bole and Yakekotebe Area of Addis Ababa
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Date
2011-07
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Pollution of ground water either from geogenic or anthropogenic sources has become a thing
of health concern in the city of Addis Ababa. This study assesses the quality hazards of ground
water resource by sampling some boreholes from Yaka-Kotebe and Summit-Bole area of the
Addis Ababa. Collected samples were analyzed for water quality parameters using standard
procedures. The parameters determined were Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+),
iron (Fe), chloride (Cl-), floride (F-), nitrate (NO3
-) and sulphate (SO4
-2).
Results were subjected to evaluations using Arcgis, Aquachem and SPSS for descriptive and
analysis of the results. Ca-Na-HCO3 and Na -Ca-HCO3 were the dominate water type in the
study area. The mean value of iron (0.55 mg/l) and floride (3.2 mg/l) were above World
Health Organization standards for drinking water in Yaka-Kotebe area. Similarly, the mean
value of TDS (862 mg/l) and EC (1356 mg/l) for water samples from Summit-Bole were
greater than maximum permissible standards for drinking water Guide Line of World Health
Organization. It was also observed from EPA secondary data upstream to downstream along
Akaki rivers increase in the concentrations of heavy metals, TDS, EC, pH, and temperature
and associated with the generally declining DO level.
Generally, in the study area from water sample analysed about 50% of water samples were
greater than World Health Organization maximum permissible standards for drinking water
for water quality parameters such as Fe, F-, NO3
-, EC, and TDS. Therefore, elevated values of
these parameters are of great concern to public health when the water from these boreholes is
consumed by people without treatment.
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Keywords
Summit-Bole and Yakekotebe