Identification of Groundwater Potential Zone Area Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques, Thecase of Enderta District, Tigray Ethiopia
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Date
2018-06-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Groundwater is a respected and significant natural resource in the world and it is the most
fundamental for the growth and development of one country. However, estimating the potential
of groundwater potential zone has still uncertainty due to the natural surroundings of
groundwater. Therefore, this study aims to use the timely and cost effective remote sensing and
geographical information system (GIS) methods for allocating, classify groundwater prospect
zone in the Enderta District. To prepare GWPZAM use eight factors as a thematic map derived
from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Satellite image of the year 2016, SRTM Digital
Elevation Models (DEM) with 30 m spatial resolution and secondary sources were utilized in
this research. These were rainfall, slope, geomorphology, lithology, lineament density, drainage
density, and Land-use/land-cover and soil texture. The methods to assess the identification of
groundwater potential zone was using weight overlay analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process
(AHP) algorithm. All thematic layers were reclassified knowledge-based analysis that was
reviewed from different kinds of literature. Then the weight for each factor was assigned
rendering to their relative significance as per suitable based on Saaty's scale of AHP. The
important factors result show that rainfall and slope have a higher weight and lithology has the
lowest weight for identifying the possible of groundwater potential zone in the study area,
respectively. The GIS method output results were validated by conducting field survey by
randomly selecting wells in different places using GPS instruments. Coordinates of each of the
well locations were obtained and plotted in the database. The spatial variation of the potential
zones indicates that groundwater occurrence is controlled by structures, landforms and slope.
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Keywords
Groundwater Potential, Groundwater, Gis, Remote Sensing, Ahp