Financial Performance Analysis of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia: A CAMEL Approach
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Date
2018-02
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Publisher
Addis Ababa University
Abstract
This study was focused on the area of financial performance analysis of commercial banks by
using CAMEL approach in Ethiopian banking industry. The study was conducted on 11
commercial banks, by collecting data from their annual reports from year 2011 to 2016. The
overall objective of this study was to analyze the effects of CAMEL variables, bank size and net
interest margin on profitability measurements of return on asset and return on equity, to rank
banks included under this study based on their financial performances and this study also aimed
to investigate the interconnection between CAMEL ratios with profitability, late and early
establishment of banks.. The study used quantitative approach from the three methods of
conducting business and social research. This study used ROA and ROE as dependent variable
and bank size and net interest margin as independent variable in addition to CAMEL variables.
The researcher was used panel data for econometric analysis and descriptive statics for CAMEL
ratios. Both the econometrics part and descriptive part were analyzed by descriptive analysis.
Fixed effect regression analysis was also used to test the hypothesis and to determine the relative
importance of each independent variable included in the CAMEL framework to explain
dependent variables. During the ranking process by composite CAMEL, BUNA, ZB and ABAY
was ranked from 1st to 3rd place which were established later. The econometric analysis showed
that, asset quality, management efficiency, liquidity, size of the bank and net interest margin were
significant variables to explain ROA, unlike capital adequacy and earning quality which were
not significant variable. Similarly, capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency,
liquidity, and net interest margin were significant variables to explain ROE, but earning quality
and size of the bank were not significant variable to influence ROE. In general for banks whose
capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency and liquidity position were low as
compared to peer banks shall inject some capital, improve their asset quality, control their cost
and control their liquidity position respectively in order not lose public trust. In connection with
their determinant factor to increase return on equity banks shall give special attentions to asset
quality, management efficiency, liquidity and net interest margin. Banks shall also concentrate
on increasing their total asset by mobilizing deposit and converting the deposit to loan, as total
asset or size of the bank is a determinant factor to increase return on asset,
Description
A Thesis Submitted to
The Department of Accounting and Finance
Presented in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Master of Science in Accounting and Finance
Keywords
CAMEL, Financial performance