LUMPY SKIN DISEASE (LSD): OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION, ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF LSDV IN SELECTED AREAS OF EASTERN SHEWA, ETHIOPIA
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2012-06
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Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD), isolate and identify LSDV at molecular level, to asses the economic significance of lumpy skin disease in the study area, and to asses the protection of the vaccine for lumpy skin disease given at field condition. The study was conducted from September 2011-April 2012 in selected areas of eastern Shewa. LSD Outbreaks were reported from 4 different areas of Eastern Shewa; Adama (5 intensive fattening farms), Wenji (4 intensive fattening farms), Mojo (small holders) and Welenchit (small holders). In total 2174 local Zebu breed cattle, the majority composed of males (98.8%), were visited and clinically diagnosed. From the total of visited cattle 296 (13.78%), 108 (5.03%) and 1 (3.84%) morbidity, mortality and abortion rates were recorded respectively. Analysis of the outbreak statistics revealed a relatively consistent morbidity rate with highest value in Adama (15.67%) followed by Wenji (10.26%), Wolenchit (8.8%), and Mojo (7.01%) was recorded respectivly. Highest mortality rate was observed in Adama (5.99%) followed by Wenji (3.42%), Welenchit (2.4%) and Mojo (0%) respectively. Isolation and identification of the agent was conducted based on cell culture and PCR results. LSDV genome was extracted and identified in all 22 skin nodules by PCR. Furthermore, LSD causes a great economic loss in the study area. Questionnaire survey based assessment on protection of the vaccine showed that the current vaccine (KSGPV) used in the area was not protective and high percentage of morbidity (15.1%) and mortality (5.37%) rates were reported among vaccinated animals but efficacy test of the vaccine under laboratory protocol in six seronegative calves showed that the vaccine was immunologically protective.
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Cattle, Outbreak, LSD, LSDV, Eastern Shewa, vaccine efficacy