Maternal Outcome of Women with Cardiac Disease During Intrapartum and Postpartum Periods at TASH, A 3 Years Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.
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Date
2024-10-18
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Heart disease affects between 1% and 4% of pregnancies and continues
to be a leading cause of maternal death worldwide, affecting women in both high
income and low- to middle-income countries. The maternal mortality rate due to cardiac
conditions is approximately 9% in developed nations and 36% in developing regions.
However, there is limited research in Ethiopia to fully understand the impact of heart
disease on pregnant women and its effect on maternal outcomes.
Objective: The purpose of this research is to evaluate how cardiac disease affects maternal
outcomes in women with heart conditions during labor, delivery, and the postpartum period up
until they are discharged from the hospital. The ultimate goal is to enhance their health and overall
well-being.
Methods: The study retrospectively enrolled 92/127 women with cardiac illness, who received
labor and delivery service at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from
Jan 1st, 2021 to Dec 31, 2023. Census sampling method was applied to include study participants.
The data entered and analyzed using Epi-info version 7.0 and SPSS version 25.0. Bivariable
regression done and variables with p-value ≤ 0.25 analyzed with multivariable logistic regression
with a level of significance <0.05.
Results: In this study, 92 participants that fulfill the inclusion criteria were enrolled following review of
their medical charts. Majority of the study participants (65.2%) found in the age group of 25-34 years with
mean ±SD of 28.1±5.2. Almost one-third of the participants were primiparous and 63% were from the rural
area. This study shows the significant cause of heart disease is acquired causes (84.8%, n=78). Majority of
patients (40.2%, n=37) have a functional status of NYHA class II. Mitral valve is the most commonly
affected valve with 80.5% (n=74) contribution. Majority (46.7%, n=43) of deliveries were via operative
vaginal deliveries and 34.8% (n=32) were delivered via C/S. Composite adverse maternal outcome was
found in 28%, (26/92) participants. Heart failure and pulmonary edema were the two most common acute
cardiac events each contributing 10.9% respectively.
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Keywords
cardiac disease, maternal outcome, Ethiopia