Treatment Outcomes of Nephrotic Syndrome and Associated Factors in Children; at selected hospitals in northern Ethiopia, A Retrospective Study
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Date
2020-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder of childhood that is characterized by heavy
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and edema. Despite the availability of
effective treatments, severe complication and relapse proteinuria which needs a prolonged
corticosteroid treatment is the characteristic of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the treatment outcome of nephrotic syndrome in children. A retrospective cross-sectional study
was conducted among children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome from 2010 to 2017 in Ayder
Comprehensive Specialized hospital and Mekelle General Hospital. The data was entered and
analyzed using SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression statistical tests were performed. Pvalue
<0.05
was
considered
statistically
significant.
A
total
of
159
nephrotic
syndrome
children
were included from both Ayder Comprehensive Specialized hospital and Mekelle General
Hospital. The mean age of participants at the initial diagnosis was 5.21 ± 2.66 years. A total of
150 (94.3%) of patients have shown response to initial steroid treatment. Remission was
achieved in 80 (53%) of participants treated with steroids within 2 weeks of treatment. However,
among patients who have remission in the first treatment episode 117(78%) of them have
relapsed and only 33 (20.8%) patients remain in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. 52
(32.7%) patients were categorized into infrequent relapse nephrotic syndrome while the
remaining 65 (40.9%) patients have found to be steroid dependent/frequent relapse nephrotic
syndrome. Early age at diagnosis, hematuria, acute kidney injury, infection, low serum albumin
and remission time was found to significantly associate with poor prognosis. Despite good
responses with steroid treatment have seen at initial treatment, the relapse rate was higher.
Description
Keywords
Nephrotic syndrome, Proteinuria, Prednisolone