Drugs induced hepatotoxicity and anemia among TB infected children with and without HIV attending some randomly selected general hospitals; in Tigray, Ethiopia
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Date
2020-05
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Drugs available to treat diseases are not without problems and the same is
true for drugs of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections. Drug
induced hepatotoxicity is the major serious adverse drug reactions encountered during the
treatment of these diseases. Anti tuberculosis drugs are very well known causes of druginduced
liver injury. Ethiopia is highly afflicted by the TB pandemic and is ranked 14
among the high Tuberculosis burden countries worldwide implying that large amount of
drugs are used annually to treat these diseases which are capable of inducing liver injury.
Anemia is also another aberration in such chronic diseases that may be induced by these
drugs. Thus, this study focused on assessment of drug induced hepatotoxicity and anemia
among Tuberculosis infected children.
Methodology:- Institutional based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted
from May-November, 2019 at Maychew, Adigrat, Mekelle, and Axum general hospitals.
A total of 188 participants (94 Tuberculosis infected children and 94 control groups)
were recruited and blood samples were taken for Liver function and hemoglobin test to
assess drug induced liver injury and anemia among the Tuberculosis infected children.
Result: Among the participants, 54.3% male and 45.7% female TB infected children and
there was 58.5% male and 41.5% female in the control group. The mean age of
Tuberculosis infected children was 9.46+(4.249), whereas the mean age of the control
group was 8.35+(4.285) years. The mean serum enzymatic levels were elevated among
portion of TB infected children (i.e. Aspartate aminotransferase 59/94(62.7%), Alanine
aminotransferase 41/94(43.6%); and Total Bilirubin 37/94(39.4%)). Drug induced
hepatotoxicity 8/94(8.5%) and anemia 29/94(30.9%) were observed in tuberculosis
infected children. In this study only 11/94(11.7%) of the control group were anemic.
Conclusion: ALT, AST and Bilirubin in this study were significantly increased among
Tuberculosis infected children and TB-HIV co-infected children when compared to
control group and TB only infected children respectively. Whole blood hemoglobin
concentration were significantly decreased in Tuberculosis infected children compared
to control group. The Anti-Tuberculosis drugs seem to induce hepatotoxicity and anemia
over a time of period.
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Keywords
Drugs induced Hepatotoxicity, Tuberculosis, Anemia, HIV/AIDS