Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Ciprofloxacin Delivery against Resistant Escherichia Coli
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Date
2021-12
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is clinically important fluoroquinolone, effective against Escherichia coli (E.
coli) infections across the globe. However, many clinical isolates of E. coli have emerged as
resistant to ciprofloxacin, restricting therapeutic options. Due to the paucity of new
antimicrobial agents in the drug development pipeline, it is imperative to develop new
alternative approaches that improve antibacterial efficacy of the available antibiotics. The aim
of the current study was therefore to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using
aqueous extract of Aloe camperi for ciprofloxacin delivery, thereby enhancing its efficacy
against ciprofloxacin resistant E.coli. In this study, the aqueous extract of Aloe camperi was
utilized as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. Crucial operational
parameters were controlled. Ciprofloxacin was loaded on the surface of AgNPs and the
encapsulation efficiency was determined. Free and ciprofloxacin loaded particles were
characterized by VU-visible spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared, dynamic light
scattering, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and simultaneous differential
scanning calorimeter-thermogravimetric analysis. The in vitro release profile of ciprofloxacin
from the surface of AgNPs was investigated. Furthermore, the in vitro susceptibility test of
the loaded particles as compared to its individual components was evaluated by employing
disk diffusion test. The results of characterizations revealed a successful synthesis of
crystalline AgNPs with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 98.9 nm ± 0.3. Ciprofloxacin
was also effectively loaded on the surface of AgNPs with a maximum encapsulation
efficiency of 60.94 %. The in vitro releasing profile of ciprofloxacin exhibited a biphasic
pattern at all study pH conditions. However, the releasing rate was pH dependent. After
loading, the susceptibility of E.coli against ciprofloxacin was transformed from resistant to
intermediate. Therefore, this study demonstrated that biosynthesized AgNPs using Aloe
camperi aqueous extract could be a potential nano carrier for ciprofloxacin delivery to
enhance its efficacy against ciprofloxacin resistant E.coli.
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Keywords
Aloe camperi, antimicrobial resistance, ciprofloxacin, E. coli, functionalized silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, and silver nanoparticles