Histomorphologic Patterns of Primary Mediastinal Masses at Tikur Anbessa Hospital: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
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Date
2020-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: The mediastinum is a complex anatomic division of the thorax, housing numerous organs and harboring many histologically diverse tumors and cysts affecting people of all ages. Data regarding to their true incidence, symptomatology, age distribution and incidence trends of particular histologic types is lacking due to their heterogeneity and rarity. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess epidemiologic profile and histomorphologic patterns of
primary mediastinal masses in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University over a five years’ period from August, 2015 to 2020.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study in which we collected, compiled and analyzed documents of patients with biopsy diagnosis of primary mediastinal tumor from the archives of Department of pathology, Addis Ababa University from August 2015 to 2020. Data were entered, cleared, and analyzed using SPSS statistical software package.
Result: Among 102 patients with primary diagnosis of mediastinal tumors, 52 (51.0 %) were males. The mean age of the patients was 33.6 ± 18.9 years. Seventy-two (70.6%) of the masses were in the anterior, 5 (4.9%) were in the middle, and 20 (19.6%) were in the posterior mediastinum. The most common neoplasms seen most frequently were thymomas (37.3%), neurogenic tumors (12.7%) and lymphomas (10.8%). Sixty-five (63.7%) of cases were malignant, benign tumors accounted for thirty-seven cases (36.3%). Compartment localization and age group (pediatric (<15) vs adult) had significant association with the presence of malignancy (P < 0.01). Chest pain (58.5%) and shortness of breath (52.8%) were the two most common symptoms.
Conclusion: In our study malignant tumors were more common than benign tumors. Thymomas and neurogenic tumors were the most common mediastinal tumors. The anterior mediastinum was the most common location of tumors. The frequency of malignancy was significantly higher in male population as compared to females. Compartment localization and age group (pediatric (<15) vs adult) had significant association with the presence of malignancy (P< 0.01).
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Keywords
Mediastinum, compartment, Tikur Anbessa, Addis Ababa