Identifying causes and associated factors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in governmental hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
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Date
2020-05
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Ethiopia has made a considerable improvement in reducing child mortality.
However, neonatal mortality is still a concern which needs priority attention.Little is known
about factors affecting neonatal mortality in Ethiopia among those admitted toNICUs in Addis
Ababa governmental hospitals. Neonatal mortality is still accounts the largest proportion of
under five deaths the same situation was also seen in the MDG.
Objective: To assess neonatal mortality and associated factors among newborns admitted to the
neonatal intensive care unit in governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
Method: Retrospective cohort study design was conducted in Addis Ababa selected
governmental hospitals at NICUs from March 25
th
, 2020 to April 30
th
, 2020. Data was collected
using data extraction after conducting the pre - test. Data was entered into the EPi-data version
4.6 and exported to SPSS for window version 26.0 for cleaning, editing, and analysis. Binary and
multiple logistic regressions were used to observe the association (P-value ≤0. 25 for binary and
P-value < 0.05 for multiple) between independent variables and a dependent variable.
Results: The study included 298 neonates died after admission to NICUs in Addis Ababa
selected governmental hospitals. Among all deaths the major causes of neonatal mortality are
cardio respiratory arrest secondary to (prematurity, respiratory distress) were 43.6%, sepsis
secondary to overwhelming were 25.5% and perinatal neonatal asphyxia were 16.4%. In this
study results showed that, there was statistically significance association found between neonatal
mortality within the first week were antenatal care follow up (AOR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.11-0.44),
neonates birth weight1500-2499gram (AOR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.97), neonates admitted with
pre-term problem (AOR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.01-5.51)and neonates admitted with perinatal neonatal
asphyxia (AOR=2.91, 95%, CI: 1.28-6.64).
Conclusion: In general, this study showed that has described different variables such as sociodemographic
factors, obstetric factors, and diagnosis on admission and possible causes of
neonatal death.The major causes of neonatal mortality were cardio respiratory arrest secondary
to prematurity, respiratory distress, infection and birth asphyxia as identified by this study. Both
maternal and neonatal risk factors for neonatal mortality were identified in this study.
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Keywords
Neonatal mortality, causes, Neonatal intensive care unit, Ethiopia