Burden of Campylobacter Species on Livestock Owning Households in Per-urban Addis Ababa,Ethiopia:a one Health Approach.
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Date
2020-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Campylobacter is the most common infectious causes of diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis globally, and has been recognized as a significant zoonotic agent. Numerous animals serve as reservoirs and a potential source Campylobacter species for food, water and environmental contamination. The rising of antimicrobial resistance among st Campylobacter isolates, is a significant global issue.
Objective (s): The study was aimed to highlight the importance of livestock, poultry and water in peri-urban Addis Ababa, as sources of zoonotic Campylobacter species and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated strains.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 till April 2020 to collect and process 519 samples including feces from livestock, poultry, human and water samples form livestock keeping households of the peri-urban Addis Ababa. Data on households’ socio demographics, knowledge and practices regarding livestock production was collected using a structured questionnaire.
Results: Of the 519 tested samples, 67 (13%) were positive for Campylobacter species, in which 10.1%, 18.5%, 13%, 13.3%, 7.1% and 10.5% were from human, cattle, poultry, sheep, goat and water samples, respectively. Regardless of isolation source, C. jejuni and C. fetus were the most observed species with the prevalence rate of 17 (25.4%) each. C. coli was isolated only from 6 (9%) of samples, whereas, none of the tested samples were positive for C. lari. The use of stored water and practices of indoor and outdoor manure collecting, taking any specific protection while cleaning animal pen and washing hands before and after cooking were significantly associated with the human Campylobacter positivity. All (100%)of Campylobacter isolates from human, poultry, sheep, goat and water and 96% of isolates from cattle were resistant to at least one or more of the tested antimicrobials. More importantly, 95.5% the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials.
Conclusion: The study found that multidrug resistant Campylobacter jejuni, coli, fetus and other Campylobacter with unidentified species were prevalent in the study area.Hence, considering the very significant effect of antimicrobial resistance, it is important for the country to have a national plan to advance the rational use of antimicrobials in the view of “One Health” approach.
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Addis Ababa; Antimicrobial resistance;Campylobacter; Livestock; One Health;Peri-urban