Discovery Physical Properties Synthesis and Application of Graphene
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Date
2015-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Among systems with only carbon atoms, like diamond and graphite, graphene is
the world’s first two dimensional allotrope of carbon. It is a thin layer of pure
carbon; it is tightly packed layer of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a
hexagonal honeycomb lattice. In more complex terms, it is an allotrope of carbon
in the structure of a plane of sp2 bonded atoms with a molecular bond length of
0.142 nanometres. Layers of graphene stacked on top of each other form
graphite, with an interplanar spacing of 0.335 nanometers. Charge carriers in
graphene are discribed by the Dirac-like equation and have zero effective mass.
It is the thinnest compound known to man at one atom thick, the lightest material
known, the strongest compound discovered, the best conductor of heat at room
temperature and also the best conductor of electricity known. Other notable
properties of graphene are its unique levels of light absorption at 2.3% of white
light. There are probably a dozen methods being used and developed to prepare
graphene of various dimensions, shapes and quality. The mobility of graphene is
very high which makes the material very interesting for electronic high frequency
application. In the near future graphene used on commercial scale on
optoelectronics; specifially touch screens, liquid crystal displays (LCD) and
organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for smart phones, tablet and desktop
computers and televisions
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Discovery Physical Properties