A Study of Narrative Techniques in Adafrls and Gracha Ka Chiloch: Point of Viewand Speech and Thought Presentation in Focus
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Date
2009-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The continuous debate among scholars in the field, students of literature and
the intuition he has about the novels, Adafris and Gracha Kachiloch have
initiated this researcher, for example, Zerihun Asfaw , Debebe Saifu and others
in BIen, august, 1982 E.C, and Alemayehu Gelagay (1998E.C.) and Teferi
Mekonnen(1998 E. C.) are the few ones. Lack of studies on the narrative
techniques point of view and speech and thought presentation has encouraged
it further. With the hypothesis that point of view and speech and thought
presentation utilized to create some artistic effects and sound meanings that
elaborate the themes of the novels, formulation of frame of analysis and critical
reading of the theories written on the selected categories are worked out.
To ascertain the hypothesis these novels have been examined thoroughly and
an analysis has been implemented. The outcome of the exploration (the
analysis) has indicated that Adafris is narrated from the third person point of
view (limited, in most cases, unlimited, in some cases). The influence of the
narrator is very limited: most of the time he/she is hidden behind the
characters. However, the narrator in Gracha Kachiloch is first person narrator,
very subjective, unreliable, with greater influence commenting every characters
actions and events. He gives new meanings to the things he sees and new
definitions for some concepts; he foregrounds objects and actions of characters
based on his bias perspective. In doing this, he creates some amusing artistic
effects for some purposes. Within the mode, it seems that the perception of the
narrator is more important than the subject matters to be described. This is
mostly expected in the first person subjective point of view.
These two extremes of point of view are also reflected in the speech and
thought presentation modes. When direct speech and direct thought
presentations are utilized in Adafris, direct and indirect speeches, and direct
and free Indirect Thought modes are applied in Gracha Kachiloch. All these
modes have some significant contributions in creating sound meanings and
some artistic effects in both novels.
In regarding to stream of consciousness, when the attempt is made in applying
stream of consciousness within the mode interior monologue in Adafris, it is
surely occurred in Gracha Kachiloch in the form of direct and free indirect
thought (psychonarration). It has been used in both novels to elaborate or to be
accessed to the minds of characters like characters emotions, imaginations
and some feelings of love affair. The mode is used for same purpose in
different ways in the two novels.
The result in the end has affirmed that the narrative techniques of style
selected for this study, point of view and speech and thought presentations are
the major narrative modes in the novels and utilized effectively and
appropriately in different ways. Then, this study concludes its discussion by
commending other narrative techniques used in the novels that should be
studied.
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Keywords
Adafrls and Gracha Ka Chiloch