Pathological and Seroprevalence Studies on infectious Bursal Disease in Chickens In and Around Bahir Dar, North west, Ethiopia
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Date
2015-06
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Addis Ababauniversity
Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to May 2015 to characterize
the pathological changes and to determine seroprevalence of IBD and its associated risk
factors in chickens in and around Bahir Dar. The clinical signs observed in IBD infected
chickens were whitish diarrhea mixed with blood, ruffled feather, and massive death
within short period. The necropsy findings were petichial hemorrhage in bursa of
fabricius, kidney, thymus, spleen, thigh and pectoral muscles. Bursa of fabricius became
edematous in serosa and mucosal part, whitish-creamy and atrophied as the course of the
disease progressed. Kidney became pale and ureter was turgid with urate in a numbers of
cases. The histopathological changes in this study revealed that edema of bursa of
fabricius, formation of cystic follicles, depletion of lymphocytes, fibrosis and follicular
architecture lost. Severe, moderate and mild lesion score were observed in bursa of
fabricius. Infiltrations of heterophils were noted both in lymphoid and non lymphoid
tissues. Depletion of lymphoid cell in germinal center of spleen and total depletion of
lymphoid cells were encountered in thymus gland. The kidney tubules were filled by
exudates and necrotized cuboidal cells. Sera collected from a total of 320 chickens were
subjected to IELISA test and disclosed an overall prevalence of 51.56% (CI: 45.95 –
57.14) in study area. The seroprevalence of IBD among chickens showed a statistically
significant difference (P<0.05) among study sites namely Andassa (72.73%), Gombat
(50%), Wonjeta (47.69%), Meshenty (44.44%) and Bahir Dar (42.42%). The
susceptibility of chickens to IBDV revealed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05)
among different breeds where Koekoek was found more prone to IBD infection with
seroprevalence of 67.11% followed by Bovans brown (57.69%), local breeds (48.31%),
and Bovans white (40.28%). The seroprevalence of IBD was also significantly associated
(P<0.05) with the age of chickens and among farm systems. These studies clearly
indicated that IBD infection is a common and wide spread problem affecting a number of
chicken breeds under different management systems and hence an urgent control
intervention should be in place.
Keywords: Age, Bahir Dar, Breed, Chickens, Histopathology, Lesions, Seroprevalence,
sex
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Keywords
Age, Bahir Dar, Breed, Chickens, Histopathology, Lesions, Seroprevalence, sex