Magnitude and predictors of early neonatal mortality in selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2020:retrospective cross-sectional study.
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Date
2020-09
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: The first month of life is the riskiest time for child survival. Worldwide, an
estimated 2.5 million newborns deceased in the first month of life in 2018 with estimate of
7,000 death per day and a third of all neonatal deaths tend to occur on the day of birth and
close to three quarters die in the first week of life. Ethiopia is one of the ten countries which
account to two-third of global neonatal death.Objective: This study aims to assess magnitude
and predictors of early neonatal mortality among early neonates admitted in neonatal
intensive care unit of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
2020.Methods and materials: Institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study design
was conductedat Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Gandhi memorial hospital, Zewuditu
hospital and Yekatit12 hospitalat Addis Ababa and data was collected from February 15 to
June 5, 2020 frommedical record sheets of early neonates who were admitted in NICU from
January 1, 2018 to December 30, 2019 by using a check list with a total sample size of 303.
Simple random sampling method was used to select hospitals and systematic sampling
method to select study units. Descriptive statistics were used to compute individual variables
and regression analysis for associated variables by considering 95% CI, p value of 0.05 to
show strength of association by using SPSS version 24 software.Result:The study
reportrevealed that 18.2% of neonates died in their early neonatal period. Being pre-term
[AOR: 0.088; 95% CI (0.015-0.515)], having birth defect [AOR: 2.759; 95% CI (1.072-7.1),
oxygen treatment in early neonatal period [AOR: 11.629; 95% CI (4.950-27.317) and
initiation of breast feeding within one hour [AOR: 0.061; 95% CI (0.014-0.272)] are
significantly associated with early neonatal outcome. Conclusion and recommendations:
According to this study early neonatal mortality was decreased from the study done
previously at Addis Ababa. Initiating breast feeding within one hour of birth, birth defect and
Oxygen treatment which was found to be a significant predictor of early neonatal mortality
by affecting neonatal outcome positively or negatively. So, it is better to give a special
attention for neonates admitted in NICU especially early neonates with important predictors
of mortality.
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Keywords
Neonate, neonatal outcome