Isolation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Evaluation of Triticum Decocum (Ethiopian Oat) Starch As Binder and Disintegrant in Paracetamol Tablets
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Date
2014-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Oat is one of cereal grain which has about 10-15 species of true grasses (family
Poaceae). Even though, Avena sativa L (common oat) is the most important one among
cultivated oat in most parts of the globe; four other species are grown as crops of minor or
regional importance of which Triticum decocum which is cultivated in Ethiopia is one. Triticum
decocum is a half-weed, half-crop with erect stems which are small and fairly stiff with
equilateral panicles and medium size, just very drooping.
Objective: The main purpose of current work is to study the physicochemical properties of
Triticum decocum starch, and evaluate its binding and disintegrating properties in paracetamol
tablets.
Statement of the problem: With the recent global renewed interest of natural polymers for
industrial consumptions, the demand for the starch is expected to hit 230 million metric tons per
year by 2015 globally. Current starch demand of Ethiopia which is more than 400 tons per year
is imported from other countries. The need is escalating with industrial advancement. To cope up
with these demands, potential endogenous sources of starches including, Triticum decocum
starch, should be considered if being economical and sustainable supply is anticipated.
Methods: Different methods previously described elsewhere were used to achieve the above
objective with slight modification as its importance.
Result and Discussion: The proximate composition of the starch on dry weight basis was found
to be 0.23 % ash, 0.26 % protein, 1.54 % fat and 56.31 % starch. The total amylose content was
28.4 % with 20.11% apparent amylose and 29.19% lipid complexed amylose. SEM showed oval
and spherical shaped granules. The particle size distributions of the starch showed monomodal
normal particle size distribution with the average volumetric particle diameters being about
23.03μm, and specific surface area 0.7186 m2/g. XRD showed a pattern that is typical of A-type
with a distinctive maximum peak at around 17° 2θ. At all relative humidities, its water sorption
properties resemble that of Zea mays starch. It has unique swelling power and solubility in water
at different temperature. Viscosity curves of 10% starch paste showed a peak viscosity of
1926cP. Its cold paste viscosity and hot paste viscosity were 4236cP and 1720 cP, respectively.
The breakdown and set back of Triticum decocum starch were 206 and 2647cP, respectively.
II
Powder mix of the starch with paracetamol has poor flow and compressibility properties. But
after wet granulation, the granules have good flow and compressibility properties. Tablet
crushing strengths, friabilities, disintegration times and dissolution profiles results had shown
promising results.
Conclusion and Recommendation
Based on the above results, Triticum decocum starch can be used both as a binding agent and
disintegrant. It has a better binding ability than Zea mays starch, giving tablets of higher strength
and less friability. However, tablets containing Triticum decocum starch disintegrate slightly
more slowly. Different methods of extraction, modifications, and other use evaluations had better
conducted on the starch.
Key Words: Triticum decocum, physico-chemical properties, chemical composition, flow and
compressibility.
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Keywords
Triticum decocum;Physico-chemical properties;Chemical composition; flow and compressibility