Host, Trap and Odour Bait Prefbrencb Dbtermination of Tsbtsb Flibs (Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans) in Thb Uppbr Didbssa River Vallby - South-Western Bthiopia

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Date

1993

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Addis Ababa University

Abstract

Investigations were carried out in the upper Didessa river valley to determine the preference of Glossina morsitans 6ubmoritans towards available hosts, trap design, and odour bai ts. Biconical trap baited with either acetone, octenol or cow urine or all the three put together in different container was more effective in catching Glossina morsitans submorsians than the Ngu trap under the same experimental setup. Among odour attractants tested separately, acetone appeared to be more potent in attracting tsetse flies than octenol and cow urine. On the other hand, Ngu trap was superior than biconical trap in catching tsetse flies which had residual blood in their gut. Cow urine kept in a container for some days increased the catches of the flies when compared with the freshly collected urine. A low infection rate of 2.6% was detected in Glossina morsitans submorsitans of the upper Disease river valley. On the other hand the prevalence of animal trypanosomiasis on the edge of the escarpment was very high (42.6%). T£YD9nOsQ~~_ cOQg9lense was the dominant species identified in both the tsetse flies and in the cattle of the locality. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was employed to see the rate of digestion of blood proteins ingested by teneral and non-teneral laboratory reared Q.m. submorsitans . at different time intervals after feeding. This test showed that the non-teneral tsetse digestcd the species distinguishing bloodmeal components faster than the tenerals- at 48hr post feeding, the bloodmeal donor was identifiable in 87.5% of the teneral tsetse and 55.5% of non-teneral tsetse flies. The source of the bloodmeals from 160 fed Q.m. submorsitans captured in the valley were identified by ELISA test. Accordingly warthog accounted for 28.8% of meals, whereas human and buffalo blood accounted for 11.9% and 6.9% of the meals, respectively. Others like the giraffe, goat, cattle and elephant accounted for a very low percentage of flies' bloodmeal. Thus the warthog appeared to be the major maintenance host for .a.!!l. submorsitans in the study area. Sex composition of the catches and the efficiency of each bait system as well as the results of the blood meal analysis are discussed.

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Biology

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