Host, Trap and Odour Bait Prefbrencb Dbtermination of Tsbtsb Flibs (Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans) in Thb Uppbr Didbssa River Vallby - South-Western Bthiopia
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Date
1993
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Investigations were carried out in the upper Didessa river valley
to determine the preference of Glossina morsitans 6ubmoritans
towards available hosts, trap design, and odour bai ts. Biconical
trap baited with either acetone, octenol or cow urine or all the
three put together in different container was more effective in
catching Glossina morsitans submorsians than the Ngu trap under
the same experimental setup. Among odour attractants tested
separately, acetone appeared to be more potent in attracting
tsetse flies than octenol and cow urine. On the other hand, Ngu
trap was superior than biconical trap in catching tsetse flies
which had residual blood in their gut. Cow urine kept in a
container for some days increased the catches of the flies when
compared with the freshly collected urine. A low infection rate
of 2.6% was detected in Glossina morsitans submorsitans of the
upper Disease river valley. On the other hand the prevalence of
animal trypanosomiasis on the edge of the escarpment was very
high (42.6%). T£YD9nOsQ~~_ cOQg9lense was the dominant species
identified in both the tsetse flies and in the cattle of the
locality. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was
employed to see the rate of digestion of blood proteins ingested
by teneral and non-teneral laboratory reared Q.m. submorsitans .
at different time intervals after feeding. This test showed that
the non-teneral tsetse digestcd the species distinguishing
bloodmeal components faster than the tenerals- at 48hr post
feeding, the bloodmeal donor was identifiable in 87.5% of the
teneral tsetse and 55.5% of non-teneral tsetse flies. The source
of the bloodmeals from 160 fed Q.m. submorsitans captured in the
valley were identified by ELISA test. Accordingly warthog
accounted for 28.8% of meals, whereas human and buffalo blood
accounted for 11.9% and 6.9% of the meals, respectively. Others
like the giraffe, goat, cattle and elephant accounted for a very
low percentage of flies' bloodmeal. Thus the warthog appeared to
be the major maintenance host for .a.!!l. submorsitans in the
study area. Sex composition of the catches and the efficiency of
each bait system as well as the results of the blood meal
analysis are discussed.
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Biology