MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA
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Date
2014-06
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Abstract
Cross sectional purposive type of study on entereopathognes associated in calf diarrhea in
dairy farms of, Muke turi, Debre tisege and Fitche towns, North Shewa Zone, was
conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 with the objective of identification of
enteropathogens associated with calf diarrhea, investigating of potential risk factors
related to the occurrence of enteropathognes causing calf diarrhea, determination of E.
coli biotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. Non-probability
purposive sampling was used for the selection of farms and calf samples and 105
diarrheic calf samples were used in this study. Standard isolation techniques were used to
identify the enteropathognes from diarrheic cases. The overall occurrence of E. coli,
salmonella, cryptosporidium, eimeria and giardia found in this study were 69.5%, 25.7%,
27.6, 38.1% and 22.9% respectively. Single and mixed infection was common in this
study. Among the potential risk factors age and age at first colotrum feeding were the
factors that were found significantly associated with risk of occurrence of E. coli causing
diarrhea (P= 0.01) using Chi square test and younger calves were more susceptible than
older caves by odds of 14.74 times. Other risk factors (sex, breed) were not significantly
associated with the occurrence of enteropathogns. Thirteen different biotypes of E. coli
were found on the fermentation of nine sugars biotype XIII and XII were the dominant
biotype found in calf diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and
gentamycin were found to be susceptible for the bacterial isolates whereas erythromycin
and tetracycline were developed resistance and most of the bacterial isolates showed
multidrug resistance pattern. The occurrence rate of E. coli, salmonella, cryptosporidium
and giardia causing diarrhea were serious problem in dairy caves. Great care should be
given to the age of calves and time of first colostrum ingestion. Further epidemiological
and microbiological studies on enteropathogns causing calf diarrhea to identify the
serotype, virulent gene of the bacteria strongly recommended, in addition, the higher rate
of antimicrobial resistance indicates the strategic use of the drugs in the future.
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Keywords
Calf diarrhea, E. coli Eimeria, Cryptospordium, Giardia