MAJOR ENTEROPATHOGENES ASSOCIATED IN CALF DIARRHEA, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES IN DAIRY FARMS OF MUKE TURI, DEBRE STIGE AND FITCHE TOWNS NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA

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2014-06

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Abstract

Cross sectional purposive type of study on entereopathognes associated in calf diarrhea in dairy farms of, Muke turi, Debre tisege and Fitche towns, North Shewa Zone, was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 with the objective of identification of enteropathogens associated with calf diarrhea, investigating of potential risk factors related to the occurrence of enteropathognes causing calf diarrhea, determination of E. coli biotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. Non-probability purposive sampling was used for the selection of farms and calf samples and 105 diarrheic calf samples were used in this study. Standard isolation techniques were used to identify the enteropathognes from diarrheic cases. The overall occurrence of E. coli, salmonella, cryptosporidium, eimeria and giardia found in this study were 69.5%, 25.7%, 27.6, 38.1% and 22.9% respectively. Single and mixed infection was common in this study. Among the potential risk factors age and age at first colotrum feeding were the factors that were found significantly associated with risk of occurrence of E. coli causing diarrhea (P= 0.01) using Chi square test and younger calves were more susceptible than older caves by odds of 14.74 times. Other risk factors (sex, breed) were not significantly associated with the occurrence of enteropathogns. Thirteen different biotypes of E. coli were found on the fermentation of nine sugars biotype XIII and XII were the dominant biotype found in calf diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamycin were found to be susceptible for the bacterial isolates whereas erythromycin and tetracycline were developed resistance and most of the bacterial isolates showed multidrug resistance pattern. The occurrence rate of E. coli, salmonella, cryptosporidium and giardia causing diarrhea were serious problem in dairy caves. Great care should be given to the age of calves and time of first colostrum ingestion. Further epidemiological and microbiological studies on enteropathogns causing calf diarrhea to identify the serotype, virulent gene of the bacteria strongly recommended, in addition, the higher rate of antimicrobial resistance indicates the strategic use of the drugs in the future.

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Calf diarrhea, E. coli Eimeria, Cryptospordium, Giardia

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