Prevalence of Neonatal Hypothermia and Associated Factors at Delivery Ward in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2020.
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Date
2020-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Globally the prevalence of hypothermia at hospital level ranges from 32% to 85%
even in tropical environments. Hypothermia is associated with a nearly fivefold increase in
mortality during the first 7 days of newborn life. For that reason, addressing neonatal
hypothermia might bridge achievement of the 2030 development agenda, which is reducing
neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 deaths per 1000 live births by ending preventable
neonatal death.
Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia and
associated factors in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2020.
Methodology: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 377 new born
with in six hours of delivery at labor ward, in representative randomly selected public hospitals
from April 1
st
2020 to May 12, 2020 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling
technique was used to select four public hospitals. To select study participants systematic
random sampling techniques were utilized. Data were collected by using pretested, structured
questionnaire through face to face interview with the mother. Additional data were collected by
direct observation and from mother chart review by using checklist. The collected data was
entered using Epi data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Variables that
have P-value <0.25 were entered in to multivariable logistic regression model to control for
confounder. Statistical significance was declared at p-value ≤0.05. Odds ratio with 95% CI is
used to determine the direction and strength of association.
Result: The prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in the study area was 63.4% [95% CI:58.6%,
68.2%]. Temperature of the delivery room <=24
o
c (AOR=5.5, 95%CI: 2.4,12.55), night time
delivery (AOR=4.07, 95%CI: 2.02, 8.2), drying by non-pre-warmed towel (AOR=6.9, 95%CI:
2.09,22.9), newborn head not covered by hat (AOR=3.6, 95%CI: 1.62, 8.01), number of ANC
<=4 visits (AOR=2.08, 95%CI: 1.03, 4.2), not initiate breast feeding within one hour of birth
(AOR=3.11, 95%CI: 1.39, 6.98) and age of the newborn <=2:59hr (AOR=3.58,95%CI: 1.57,
8.13) were factors associated with neonatal hypothermia.
Conclusion and recommendation: Prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in Addis Ababa public
hospitals is high. Therefore, implementing low cost and easy warm chain interlinked procedure
for every delivery will have a paramount effect in reducing the problem.
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Keywords
Hypothermia, Neonate, Thermal care, Public hospital, Addis Ababa