GIS Based Network Analysis for Locating Fire Stations and Emergency Response: A Case of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia
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Date
2022-02
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Urban fire is one of the most common problems not only for developing countries but also for developed countries. Particularly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. On this year ,2020/21 totally 274 incidents were occurred in the span of two years. Fire stations in Addis Ababa city is one of the major issues as most of increasing of population and urbanization expansion due to poor and inefficient access of fire services stations. This study aims GIS based network analysis for locating fire station and emergency response analysis. It was conducted in Addis Ababa city and it has a total area of 519.458 sq. km2 and focused on two years fire incident report. The methodology of the study was integrated with roads network analysis and locating optimal fire stations for the study area using GIS software. The network analysis process has been applied and search optimal route between fire incident location and fire station by applying Dijkstra’s algorithm to the road network of the addis ababa city in connection with this service area was applied. The served population from existing fire stations is 2,817,315 (66.62%) out of 3,689,001estimated population which is distributed over the area 276.10km2 (53.15 %) of the city are served out of a total of 519.458 km2. The closest facilities from fire station to the fire incident eight minutes travel time, a total of 230 route was generated with maximum travel time of 7.99 min and length of 11890.42m as well as using travel time as an impedance factor this study determines the best route from fire stations to the incident location. And , multi criteria analysis model has been developed to choose suitable sites for the inaccessible place together with factor identifications. This study employed six different criteria are considered for selecting candidate sites . From them the more influenced criteria are inaccessible area, population density and land use with associated weights of 36% , 24% and 17% respectively and AHP method was used for selecting 35 candidate sites for the study area. Among of the location allocation problem type , maximize coverage has chosen ten new optimum location of fire stations to the study area. Finally, the present study suggests 10 new fire stations which helps to maximize the coverage of the city as well as provides services during emergency occurrence. After the suggested 10 new fire station location together with existing fire stations , the current service coverage the study area has increased into 87.44%.
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Keywords
Urban fire, Network analysis, GIS, AHP, Dijkstra’s algorithm, Location allocation