Evaluation of the Anti Peptic Ulcer Activity of the Leaf Extract of Plantago Lanceolata in Rodents.
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Date
2010-02
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The lesion of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a disrflption in the mucosal layer of the stomach or
duodenum. An ulcer is di stinguished from erosion by its penetration through the muscularis
mucosa or the muscular coating of the gastric or duodenal wall. PUD results from the
imbalance between defensive factors that protect the mucosa and offensive factors that disrupt
this important barrier. There are several different types of modern drugs for the treatment of
PUD though they are associated with clinically significant drug interactions, side effects, and
relapse. Thus, there is a need to develop new drugs. for which natural products are potential
candidates. Planlago lanceolala is used traditionally for the treatment of upper respiratory
inflammation, urinary conditions. uterotonic. vascular disorders. wound, cough, ulcer etc.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti ulcer activity of the aqueous extract, and
mucilage of P. lanceolala using different rodent models of PUD. Negative controls were given
distilled water. Whilst positive controls received ranitidine in acetic acid induced chronic
gastric ulcer, cysteamine Hel induced duodenal ulcer and pylorus ligation induced gastric
ulcer models; misoprostol was used in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer. One group of
animals received 200 mg/kg (for mice) and the other group received 400 mg/kg (for mice) of
the aqueous extract in each model. In addition, one group of animals received 172 mg/kg of
the mucilage in acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer model.
The aqueous extract showed a better healing of ulcer than the mucilage in the acetic acid
induced chronic gastric ulcer as evidenced by the higher percent reduction in ulcer index
(77.9% vs 51.9%) and ulcer score Crable I). The aqueous extract was therefore, used for
further evaluation. The effect of the aqueous extract at 400 mg/kg was more effective in
healing and/ or protecting ulcer in virtually all models than 200 mg/kg.
The extract at both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg produced reduction in ulcer index (P<0.05 and
P<O.OO I respectively) as compared to the negative control in acetic acid induced chronic
gastric ulcer. However. it was only 400 mg/kg of the extract that produce a significant
reduction (P<O.OI) in the ulcer score as compared to the negative control. In addition, the
percent reduction in the ulcer index by 400 mg/kg of the extract was higher than ranitidine
(77.9 % vs 76.2%). Similar results were also found on the ulcer score in pylorus ligation
induced gastric ulcer. The aqueo us extract at 400 mg/kg was found to offer significant protection In indomethac in induced stomach Illcer as compared to the negati\'e cpntrol
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(P<O.OO I) as \\ ell as to the 200 lllg/kg or the extract (P<O.O I). Moreover, it appeared to reduce
the ulcer score by 86.4% while misoprostole reduced it by only 68.2%, Ranitidine protected
the ulcerogenic effect of cysteamine HCI by 73.3% while 400 mg!kg offered protection by
60% indicating ran itidine is more effec tive in inhibition of acid secretion than the extract.
In conclusion, the aqueous extract at 400 mg/kg showed a better activity against gastric as well
as duodenal ulcer than the standard drugs. Moreover. some of the possible mechanisms by
which the extract showed the activity were corroborated to be anti secretory and
cytoprotection. Thus, the present work up holds the traditional use of the plant for PUD,
Keywords: Peptic ulcer disease, Acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer, Pylorus ligation
induced gastric ulcer. Cysteamine HCI induced duodenal ulcer, Indomethacine induced gastric
ulcer, and P. /an ceo/ala.
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Evaluation of the Anti Peptic Ulcer Activity