Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile Of E. Coli O157:H7 in Selected Dairy Farms in Wolaita Sodo Town
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Date
2024-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the microorganisms that are frequently connected to foodborne disease. It is the common cause of bloody diarrhea. A cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling was employed to isolate and identify E. coli O157:H7 in milk, feces, and environmental samples collected from selected dairy farms in Wolaita Sodo Town during the study period. A fecal sample, an environmental swab, and a milk sample were collected from 300 dairy cows. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 100 respondents from the selected farm workers. Bacteriological methods were applied. A polymerase chain reaction was applied for the confirmation of E. coli O157:H7. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique for confirmation of E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Chi-square was used to analyze the data. Based on the analyzed data, 66% (198/300) of dairy cows were positive for E. coli, and 3.3% (10/300) were E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Based on analysis, age, sample type and farm size were significant effect on the occurrence of E. coli. Medium-sized farms (74.19%) were significantly more affected by E. coli than small-scale farms (62.32%). Among the total samples, fecal, environmental swabs, and milk were 4.62% (6/130), 2.5% (1/40), and 2.31% (3/130) positive for E. coli O157:H7, respectively. The occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher in old-aged dairy cows (73.86%) than in adult animals (58.93%) and young dairy cows (51.47%) (p <0.05). The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates indicated that E. coli were 57.14% more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than other antibiotics. On the other hand, Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolates were 85.71%, 78.57%, and 71.43% resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, doxycycline, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The questionnaire survey analysis showed that hygienic practices during and after milking, as well as the hygienic conditions of the farm and knowledge of the withdrawal period of the drug, were significant potential factors for milk contamination (P<0.05). The drug-resistant E. coli O157:H7 and unhygienic practices were important issues in the current study. It is highly recommended that rational use of antibiotics and proper hygienic practices on the farms should be applied.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile, E. coli O157:H7, Dairy Farms Wolaita Sodo Town