Antitrypanosomal Activity Of Hydromethanol Extract Of Leaves Of Cymbopogon Citratus And Seeds Of Lepidium Sativum In-Vivo Mice Model
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Date
2021-07
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of both humans and animals caused
by the protozoa Trypanosomes mainly endemic in Africa. Unavailability of vaccine, difficulty
of vector controls, low therapeutic index of the available trypanocidal drugs, and development
of resistance lead to the need for research focused on developing alternative safer, more
effective and more accessible treatment options especialy from medicinal plants. In Ethiopia,
many medicinal plants such as Cymbopogon citratus and Lepidium sativum are used for
treatment of trypanosomiasis as traditional remedies. The objective of the present study was,
therefore, to investigate antitrypanosomal activities of leaves of C. citratus and seeds of L.
sativum in in vivo mice model. The acute toxicity result showed that the extracts were safe at
the dose of 2000mg/kg, and the test doses were adjusted to 100, 200 and 400mg/kg based on
the toxicity profile. The Plants extracts were administered to the respective groups of mice
after the 12
th
days of T. congolense inoculation where the peak parasitemia were achieved.
The treatment continues consecutively up to seven days and the parameters were recorded
every other day up to the 14
th
day of treatment commenced. The in vivo test results revealed
that both plant extracts had dose dependent antitrypanosomal activity. Both crude extracts
showed a significant reduction in parasite load (P<0.05), ameliorated anaemia (increased or
prevent the fall of PCV value) (P<0.05), decreased lymphocytosis and increased neutrophil
counts (p<0.05) and improved body weight but significant body weight increment (P<0.05)
was observed only in C. citratus treated mice compared to the negative and positive controls.
Comparative results from all tested parameters showed that the best activities were observed
with C. citratus treated groups of mice (73.2% reduction).
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Keywords
Antitrypanosomal activity, Cymbopogon citratus, Lepidium sativum, Trypanosoma congolense