Study on Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Campylobacter from Diarrheic Human Patients, Poultry, And Environmental Sources along Assessment of Poultry Biosecurity in Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia.
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Date
2026
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the main causes of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry acting as the principal reservoir. Even though, it is actively circulating across the human, poultry, and environmental interface, with poor biosecurity practices the coordinated surveillance is lacked. Accordingly, the cross-sectional study was conducted in Bishoftu city, Ethiopia, from October 2025 to May 2026 to isolate and identify Campylobacter from diarrheic human patients, poultry, and environmental water sources, determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates, and assess community biosecurity practices. In total, 380 samples were obtained, including 140 diarrheal samples, 180 chicken cloacal swabs, and 60 environmental water samples. Isolation was done on
mCCDA under microaerophilic conditions at 42°C, and the isolates were then confirmed using biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the KirbyBauer disk diffusion method with 5% of defibirinated horse blood against twelve antimicrobial agents for twenty one isolates. Its overall prevalence is 10.78%, with sourcespecific prevalence’s of 5% in human patients, 15.6% in chicken cloacal swabs, and 10.0% in environmental water samples. Important risk factors for human infection included direct contact with animals (χ² = 46.93), age (χ² = 18.42,), irregular handwashing after latrine use, and eating undercooked meat, all having significant p value. At the farm level, the absence of rodent control (χ² = 16.62) and the lack of regular cleaning and disinfection (χ² = 4.77) with significant p-value were the strongest predictors of poultry colonization. Among 21 isolates tested for susceptibility, highest resistance were cephalothin, erythromycin, tetracycline, Cotrimoxazole, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and Ciprofloxacin with resistance profile of 100%, 71.4%, 71.4%, 66.7%, 61.9% and 42.9% respectively, whereas the highest susceptible rate of isolates were nalidixic acid (100%) and meropenem (76.2%) . MDR was identified in 85.7%(18/21) of isolates, with most showing resistance to four to five antimicrobial classes across three sampling source. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated One Health interventions that include stronger farm biosecurity, prudent antimicrobial stewardship in animal production, and Implementing targeted community health education in the study area.
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Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance, Biosecurity, Campylobacter, Diarrheic patients, Multidrug resistance, One Health, Poultry.