Mother- to-Child Transmission of Hiv Infection and its Associated Factor Among Exposed Infants on Care and Follow-Up In Selected Health Centers, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2017
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Date
2017-09
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Back ground: Mother to child transmission of HIV is responsible for about 20% of all HIV
transmissions of which 95% are found in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Without any intervention,
MTCT of HIV among non-breastfeeding infants’ ranges from 14-32% in developed nations to
25- 48% in resource limited populations. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission
(PMTCT) is still the most effective intervention in fighting new HIV infections.
Objective: To assess the transmission rate and the associated factors of Mother-to-Child
Transmission of HIV Infection among Exposed Infants on Care and Follow-Up in selected health
centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017
Methods and Materials: A facility based retrospective study was conducted on HIV exposed
infants who were on care and follow up from September 2012 to August 2016 enrolled in 10
selected health centers from Lideta, Arada and NifasSilkeLafto Sub Cities. The study was
conducted from January to June 2017 by revising records of HIV positive mothers’ and their
HIV exposed infants’ at PMTCT clinics of the 10 selected health centers. For this study the
sample size was 228; the study subjects were selected using simple random sampling method.
Results: Of the 228 infants 5 (2.2%) were found HIV positive during follow up. Two hundred
twenty (96.5%) had exclusive breastfeeding, whereas 8 (3.5 %) of the study subjects had
exclusive replaced formula feeding. ART prophylaxis was given to 225 (98.7 %) of the exposed
infants, only 2 (0.9%) haven’t received ART prophylaxis. Initiation time of ART for the mother
was significantly associated with the HIV status of exposed infants {AOR=0.32, 95%CI (0.015-
0.74)}.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The study revealed that very low prevalence of mother to
child transmission of HIV. There is a need to maintain current implementation of prevention of
mother to child transmission program to help ensure that continually maintain low MTCT of
HIV prevalence.
Key terms HIV; Breast feeding; MTCT; PMTCT; Infant HIV exposure
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Keywords
HIV, Breast feeding, MTCT, PMTCT, Infant HIV exposure