In-Vivo Anti-Plasmodium Activity of Crude Extracts and Solvent Fractions of Strychnos Mitis Leaves in Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice
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Date
2015-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health problem in the world which is responsible for death of millions
particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Today, the control of malaria has become gradually more
complex due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites. Medicinal plants are the unquestionable
source of effective antimalarias. The present study was aimed to evaluate antiplasmodial activity
and determine acute toxicity of Strychnos mitis in P.berghi infected mice. All extracts revealed
no obvious acute toxicities on mice up to the highest (2000mg/kg) dose given.
The crude aqueous extract, crude hydromethanolic extract, N--hexane fraction of crude
hydromethanolic extract, chloroform fraction of crude hydromethanolic extract and aqueous
fraction of crude hydromethanolic extract of the leaf of Strychnos mitis significantly (p<0.01)
inhibited parasite load. At highest dose (600mg/kg) both aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts
showed higher percentage suppression 95.5% and 93.97% respectively, which is comparable to
CQ(25mg/kg)(100%). All doses of crude extracts and fractions of S.mitis leave prolong the
survival time of infected mice dose dependently. The higher two doses of the crude aqueous
extract, hydromethanolic extract, chloroform fraction and aqueous fraction prevented the weight
loss in a dose dependent manner. Whereas all doses of N- hexane fraction prevented loss of body
weight not dose dependently.
The crude aqueous extract at (400mg/kg and 600mg/kg) and hydromethanolic extract at all dose
level significantly (p<0.01) prevented the expected reduction in PCV. Crude aqueous extract at
(600mg/kg) and hydromethanolic extract at all dose level significantly prevented temperature
reduction. The phytochemical screening of the crude aqueous extract showed the presence of
Alkaloids, Anthraquinones, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Saponins, Tannins and Phenols. The results
of this study provide support for the traditional therapeutic value for treatment of malaria.
Key words: Strychnos mitis, crude extract, fraction, Plasmodium berghei, Antimalarial activity
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Keywords
Strychnos mitis; Crude extract fraction; Plasmodium berghei; Antimalarial activity