in Vitro Evaluation of Anti Microbial Activities of Albizia Gummifera and Croton Macrostachyus Against Clinical Isolates of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
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Date
2006-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
A total of 250 urogenital specimens were collected from male and female adult patients who
were clinically symptomatic for uncomplicated gonococcal infection from eight health centers in
Addis Ababa over a period of six months (May 2005-October 2005). Among the 250 urogenital
specimens collected from both sexes, the etiologic agents were isolated from 19 patients,
indicating an 8% prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae infection. The agar dilution method was used to
evaluate in vitro anti bacterial effects of crude and solvent fractions of two traditionally claimed
medicinal plants namely, Croton macrostachyus and Albizia gummifera against clinical isolates
and reference strain of N. gonorrhoeae (ATCC 49226). Crude hydro-alcoholic (20-80%) extracts
of both plants were effective against the test organisms and their minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) were between 250-500 μg/ml. Solvent-solvent partition method was then
used to divide the crude extracts of these plants into three fractions and determined their anti N.
gonorrhoeae activity. Chloroform and n-butanol fractions were identified to be the more active
ones in C. macrostachyus with MIC values between 125-250 μg/ml. The most active fraction in
A. gummifera was identified to be the n- butanol fraction, which also had MIC values between
125-250 μg/ml. Aqueous fractions of this plant exhibited activity at MIC values of 500-1000
μg/ml. However, aqueous fraction of C. macrostachyus had no growth inhibition effect. MIC
values for Penicillin and Spectinomycin were 128 and 256 μg/ml respectively. With this aspect,
these results indicate the presence of chemical compounds in A. gummifera and C.
macrostachyus with anti N. gonorrhoeae activity comparable to Penicillin or Spectinomycin and
the need for further investigation. The results also substantiate the ethno-botanical use of these
medicinal plants for the treatment of gonococcal infections.
Key words/ Phrases: Antibacterial activity, Albizia gummifera, Croton macrostachyus, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, Minimum inhibitory concentrations
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Keywords
Antibacterial activity, Albizia gummifera, Croton macrostachyus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Minimum inhibitory concentrations