Bacteriological isolation and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates, and survey on antimicrobial use and vaccine management in poultry, Central Ethiopia
| dc.contributor.advisor | Hika Waktole | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Debebe Ashenafi | |
| dc.contributor.author | Belayneh Seifu | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-11-04T11:34:50Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-11-04T11:34:50Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Escherichia coli and Salmonella are prominent bacterial pathogens responsible for avian Colibacillosis and Fowl typhoid in poultry productions, respectively. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive data regarding their prevalence and resistance to antimicrobials. This cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2023 and May 2024 in Central Ethiopia, aimed to determine the prevalence, patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and possible risk factors contributing to the development of resistance. A total of 313 swab samples were collected from randomly selected poultry farms, alongside with a structured questionnaire survey. The bacteriological examination revealed an overall prevalence of 30.35% Escherichia coli and 3.83% Salmonella. The highest rate of isolation for Salmonella was observed in Bishoftu (7.40%) and was absent in Addis Ababa and Mojo, while the prevalence of Escherichia coli varied significantly across the study sites, which found highest in Adama (41.26%) and lowest in Mojo (13.79%). Tissue swabs emerged as the primary carriers of both Salmonella (7.14%) and Escherichia coli (34.14%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing through Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method indicated complete resistance (100%) to cephalothin in both Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates. Escherichia coli demonstrated the highest susceptibility to chloramphenicol (95.75%), whereas Salmonella exhibited full susceptibility to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (100%). Multidrug resistance was prevalent, with 100% of Escherichia coli and 83.33% of Salmonella isolates displaying resistance to multiple drugs. The survey study indicated the widespread misuse of antibiotics and inadequate vaccine management. The administration of vaccines and medications by non-veterinarians were 41.38% and 55.17% in the farms, respectively. Furthermore, the survey showed disease as major challenge and the heightened non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in poultry farms. In conclusion, the study underscores the substantial prevalence and resistance exhibited by Escherichia coli and Salmonella in poultry establishments. To tackle these challenges, the study recommends for the enhancement of antibiotic stewardship, the improvement of vaccine management practices, and the execution of further comprehensive investigations | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/3537 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | |
| dc.publisher | Addis Abeba University | |
| dc.subject | Antimicrobial resistance | |
| dc.subject | Central Ethiopia | |
| dc.subject | Escherichia coli | |
| dc.subject | Multidrug resistance | |
| dc.subject | Poultry | |
| dc.subject | Prevalence | |
| dc.subject | Salmonella | |
| dc.title | Bacteriological isolation and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates, and survey on antimicrobial use and vaccine management in poultry, Central Ethiopia | |
| dc.type | Thesis |