Anti-hyperglycemic activities of hydro-alcoholic, alkaloid and non-alkaloid extracts of Calpurnia aurea (aiton) benth (Fabacea) against streptozocin induced diabetic mice
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Date
2023-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with several etiologies that is typified by
persistently high blood sugar levels. Given the rising rates of diabetes-related morbidity and
death in low- and middle-income countries, it is critical to evaluate the potential pharmacological
effects of medicinal plants in order to complement current diabetes treatments. The experimental
plant Calpurinaaurea(Aiton)Benth is among the Fabaceae species, which is used traditionally for
diabetes and other health disorders.
Objectives:The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of crude, alkaloid, and non-
alkaloid leaf extractsof C.aurea on blood glucose control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
and normoglycemic mice.
Methods: The crude, alkaloid, and non-alkaloid extracts were prepared using the proper solvents
prior to the commencement of the in-vivo investigation. Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20
and 30 grams, were selected for the animal trials. In order to study the
hypoglycemic/antihyperglycemic effect of the extract, nine groups of diabetic mice and eleven
groups of normal mice were used. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes, and blood glucose
levels were measured with a glucometer. Doses of the plant alkaloid and non-alkaloid extract
(100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the test groups in each model while the crude
extract was administered at lower doses(50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Glibenclamide(5 mg/kg)
served as a standard drug. The negative control, and the normal control were given 1% of tween
80 (10 mg/kg).
Results: The results demonstrated that crude, alkaloid, and non-alkaloid extracts of C.aurea
leaves lowered the incidence of hypoglycemia. After the administration of2.5 mg/kg of glucose,
the alkaloid extract demonstrated significant lowering of blood glucose levels: 200 mg/kg at 80
minutes (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg at the first and second hour (p<0.01). All extract-treated groups
of streptozotocin induced diabetic mice had decreased blood glucose levels, besides the mice
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administered the alkaloid extract showed a statistically significant drop in blood glucose levels.
The alkaloid extract reduced blood glucose levels in the 200 (P<0.05) and 400 mg/kg doses
(162±5.21, 142±3.51), respectively, were used in a single dose study. Furthermore, the alkaloid
extract at the middle dose (p<0.05), higher dose (p<0.01), and all doses at the third week all
significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose level. Furthermore, compared to the negative
control group, the groups treated with crude, alkaloid and non-alkaloid extracts experienced a
lesser drop in body weight following the onset of diabetes mellitus.Conclusion:it can be
concluded that the alkaloid extracts of C.aurea leaves are effective in lowering blood glucose
levels in diabetic mice and lack a hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic mice. Additionally, the
extracts were observed to exhibit no acute toxicity.
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Keywords
Hypoglycemic, Ant hyperglycemic, Calpurnia aurea, Strepotozotocin, alkaloid extract, non-alkaloid extract, Mice.