Detection of Salmonella from Dairy farm, Children, Milk, and Its Antimicrobial Resistance Profile In and Around Bishoftu Town: One Health Approac
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Date
2025
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that is a significant risk to human, animal and environmental health. It is a major cause of food borne morbidity and mortality and is severe in under-five children. The presence of the pathogen in lactating cow, milk and milk environment, and related public health risks are not well studied through One Health lens. This research was aimed to investigate the prevalence and anti-microbial resistance profile of salmonella enterica in lactating cow, milk, milk environment (equipment swabs, milkier hand swabs, udder swabs, floor swabs) and under-five aged children in and around Bishoftu town central Ethiopia. A total of 336 samples were collected; 214 from lactating cows, milk, milk environment, and 122 from stool of under-five years aged children. Isolation was made by using standard microbiological methods which are culture-based detection, Omnilog, and antimicrobial susceptibility test by the
Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against 10 antimicrobials. The overall prevalence of Salmonella enterica was found to be 4 (1.2 %). Stool sample collected from children under-five, 2/122 samples 1.6% (95% CI: 0.002-0.058) and sample collected from dairy farms; 2 (0.9 %), (1(2.3 %) milk sample and 1(2.2 %)) udder swab samples were confirmed to be Salmonella spp. positive. Antimicrobial resistance profile was observed Ampicillin, and Cefoxitin (3/4 (75%)); whereas no resistance was recorded in Amikacine, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. On the other hand, a MDR profile of recorded in two isolates to wards more than three classes of drugs. This study revealed the occurrence of Salmonella enterica in lactating cows, milk, (and its environments) and children under-five. It is an alarming and further exploring towards the genetic relatedness among the isolates, quantifying the public risks associated with milk consumption, an integrated surveillance system that tracks Salmonella across human, animal, and environment are needed to reduce the public health treats in this.
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Keywords
Antimicrobial Resistance, Bishoftu, Dairy Farm, Milk, Salmonella