Factors Associated With Female Students' Grade Repetition in the Gjicneral Secondary Schools of East Shoa Zone
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Date
2007-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The main PUI]Jose of this study was to identi/jl sOllie of the majorfactors associated with female students'
grade repetition in the general secondmy schools of East SllOa zone and look for relevant and applicable
alternative solutiolls that lIlight help in minimizing the problem under study. To this end, answers to the
basic questions pertaining to the main school related factors for grade repetition o.f female students, the
major ollt-of-school j(lctors for grade repetition of female students, subjects in which 1Il0st female grade
repeatersj(liled, the relationship between the responses of the two gronps o.frespondents and measures to
be taken were sought for.
The research methodology employed in this study was descriptive survey. Accordingly, survey
questionnaires and interview question itellls were prepared, pilot tested and adlllinistered to a sample of
253 female grade repeaters that were selected using available salllpling techniqne and 73 teachers and 5
guidance and counselor ojjicers selected using randolll sampling and pw posive sampling respectively
Fom the five sample schools. A total of 311 (95.4 percent) of the questionnaires were properly filled in
and returned. In addition to this, interview and document analysis were made to collect the necessmy
illformation. Results obtained were analyzed by using descriptive methods such as percentages, chisquare
tests, and spearman rank-order correlation coefficient.
The result of this slUdy indic{lfeS that lack of guidance and counseling services jar ji;Jnale students,
difficulty of language of instructioll, large class size, female students lack of motivation to learn, violence
in or around the school and Fe!juent absenteeism were lIIajor school related factors for female students
grade repetition. 017 the other hand Fom out-of school factors, lack of time to study at home, lack of
parental support, parents' lack or low level of education and hOllie-school distance were identified as
m(~ior callses/or/emale srudents ' grade repetition in thefi.rst cycle secondCllY schools. It was alsofound
that the majorit), of/ell/ale grade repeaters were / iJiling in mathelllatics, p hysics, English, chelllistlY, and
Biology subject examinatiolls.
Furtherlllore, it was ./iJl/lld out that the cOlI/bined effect of both in school and out-of-school factors were
important in explaining./emale students ' grade repetition in general secondar)! schools of the zone. It was
thus i.ndicated that./enJ.(Jle students' grade repetition as a jilllction of variables which elllanating ji'OJll in
school Gild out-ofschool systems.
Thus to alleviate the above problems, recommendations were forwarded. In cluded we,"e:-mcasures related
to level of parental education, Fe!jueut absenteeism, availability (!f proper guidance and counseling,
availability of tlltorial classes , and C0Jl1J1lIl11 ity seils it ization.
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Keywords
Female Students' Grade Repetition