Demographic and Environmental Dererminants of Rural-Urban Migration in Yeka Sub-City of Addis Ababa: A Perception-Based Study
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Date
2023-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
In Ethiopia, various forms of population movements, mainly rural out-migration, have been recorded over many decades as a direct response to the potential influences of environmental factors like drought, famine, and land degradation in combination with economic crisis. At the national broad level, environmental factors such as vulnerability to serious environmental degradation onsets and rainfall variability are major push factors that drive people to engage in rural out-migration in Ethiopia. In line with such problem, this study is conducted with an objective to explore and portray how key demographic variables, coupled with environmental determinant perception factors, can influence rural-urban migration trends in the study area by employing a perception-based data collection approach. The study employed a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional survey design by using systematic random sampling method and single population proportion sampling formula. After a primary data about sampled rural migrant’s demographic and environmental determinants were extracted from respondent households, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were done. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify demographic and environmental determinants of rural-urban migration. In the study area, there are about a total of 355 rural migrant households were included in the selected sample, and 351 of them were fully covered. Results of the analyzed data showed that about 57.8% of respondents were male migrants, and nearly 36.2 %of the migrants surveyed were belonged to the age group between 30 to 34 years old, which is a young adult group of a population. About 53% were discovered to be Never married (Single), and the remaining 47 percent of respondents were found among an Ever married migrant category. Concerning environmental perception determinants of rural outmigration, land/ environmental degradation, drought, rainfall variability and access to water resource constitutes about 64.4%, 40.2%, 51.9% and 54.7% of all respondents, respectively. In a concluding pursuit, the analyzed data of the study has unveiled the prominent role of environmental factors in shaping migration decisions. Notably, environmental degradation emerged as a compelling driver those respondents expressing concerns about its impact. This result highlights the urgent need for sustainable resource management and ecological restoration strategies to curb the detrimental effects of land degradation. Environmental drought and irregular rainfall patterns also stood out, and influencing perceptions of migrants. In addition, the analyzed study data has aligned with respondents' experience of illuminating the influence of water scarcity on their migration decision and intentions. Based on analyzed findings, the study recommends that relevant stakeholders and actors should collaborate and act together to mitigate the problem of rural-to-urban migration both at the rural origin and destination place by encompassing policy implications, research avenues, and community-based engagement strategies.
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Keywords
Rural out-migration, Demographic factors, Environmental Perception determinants.