Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Childhood Diarrhea in Ambo Town Public Health Institutions
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Date
2015-02
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Introduction: Diarrhea particularly due to enteric bacterial pathogen is a major health problem worldwide. In developed countries, it contributes primarily to morbidity but, in the developing world like Ethiopia, it is responsible for morbidity and a high level of mortality, particularly in children below five years of age. Objective:This study aimed to investigate enteric bacterial pathogens from children aged less than five years old with diarrhea in Ambo town public health institutions in order to determine the prevalence of the disease and antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methodology: Stool samples from 239 children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea attending Ambo Town Public Health Institutions was examined at the Ambo University of Microbiology Laboratory, Ambo, West Ethiopia, from January to July 2014.All collected samples were processed for isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio species and other bacterial species using conventional laboratory tests. PCR was done to confirm Salmonella by amplifying a 496-bp genetic sequence of members of the genus Salmonella. Antibiogram test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method using ten commonly used antibiotics. Results: From the 239 children screened, enteric bacteria were isolated from 24 (10%). This included;three (1.3%) Shigellaflexinari, two (0.8%) Shigellaboydii,one (0.4%) Shigellasonnei, three (1.3%) Salmonellaspecies, and fifteen (6.3%) otherbacterialspecies.There was no Vibrio species isolated in this study.The highest resistance among the total entrophatogenic bacteria was observed against Ampicillin (95.8%) followed by Tetracycline (70%), Amoxacillin (62.5%), Cotrimoxazoale (58.3%), Chloramphenicol(41.7%), Nalidixic acid (16.7%) and Cefotaxime (4.7%). All isolates were sensitive to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin except 3 intermediate.
Conclusion: This study suggests that Shigellia, Salmonella and other enteric bacteria species were some of the pathogenic infection among children with diarrhea in ATPHI.The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was to ampicillin followed by Tetracycline and Amoxacillin. Though still at low levels, the major concern from this finding is the emerging resistance of enteric pathogens that was observed to Nalidixic acid and Cefotaxime
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Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Childhood Diarrhea