Management of Hospital-Acquired Infections among Hospitalized Patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Prospective Study
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Date
2018-01
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Management of Hospital-Acquired Infections among Hospitalized Patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Segen G/meskel Tassew
Addis Ababa University, 2018 Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are acquired when the patient is hospitalized. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria is a threat for HAIs. In Ethiopia data are scarce in HAIs. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and management of HAI among patients admitted at Zewditu memorial hospital.
A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in 410 patients who met eligibility criteria. The sample was proportionally allocated among different wards. Data were collected using data abstraction format and supplemented by key informant interview. Management appropriateness was assessed using Infectious disease society of America guideline and experts opinion (Infectious disease specialist). Multivariate logistic regressions was used to identify factors associated with HAIs. The prevalence of HAIs was 19.8%. Surgical site infection and pneumonia accounted for 24.7% of the infection. Culture and sensitivity was done for 29.6% patients and 29.1% of them show growth (E.coli, Acinetobacter and S.aureus). Of the 81 patients who developed HAIs, 33.3% and 66.7% of them were treated appropriately and inappropriately respectively. Physicians’ response for this discrepancy was information gap, forgetfulness, affordability and availability issue of first line medications. Younger age (AOR=8.53, 95%CI: 2.67-27.30), male gender (AOR=2.06, 95%CI: 1.01-4.22), longer hospital stay (AOR= 0.17, 95%CI: 0.06-0.51), and previous hospital admission (AOR=3.22, 95%CI: 1.76- 5.89) were independent predictors of HAIs.
Inappropriate management and prevalence of HAIs was substantially high in this study. Surgical site infections and pneumonia were the common types of HAIs. Locally conformable guidelines could help to correct such problems.
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Hospital-acquired infection, surgical site Infections, risk factor, Ethiopia.