OCCURRENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SALMONELLA IN FECAL AND CARCASS SWAB SAMPLES OF SMALL RUMINANTS AT ADDIS ABABA LIVESTOCK MARKET AND ABATTOIR
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Date
2018-06
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Abstract
A cross sectional study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella from small ruminants brought for sale at different markets of Addis Ababa and those slaughtered at abattoir. Different sample types (fecal, carcass swab, meat and feed) were collected and cultured for Salmonella using standard procedure by pre-enriching in Buffered Peptone Water and enriching in Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment Broth (RVB) and Tetrathionate broth (TTB). It was then streaked from both RV and TTB to Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD). Presumptive Salmonella colonies were confirmed by various biochemical tests and Salmonella Genus Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Salmonella isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials. The overall occurrence of Salmonella in sheep and goat fecal samples at Addis Ababa livestock market was 4.08% (12/294) (95% CI: 1.8-6.4%) and its occurrence in carcass swab samples collected from Addis Ababa public abattoir was 0.85% (1/117) (95% CI: 0.8-2.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in occurrence of Salmonella in sheep and goats (p > 0.05). But nearly a significant difference (p=0.052) for the occurrence of Salmonella between the carcass swab of goats (3.12%) and sheep (0.0%) was seen. All the 13 Salmonella isolates were susceptible to the four drugs (amikacin, cefoxitin, chloroamphenicol and nalidixic acid) and 92.30% of the isolates were susceptibile to Ceftriaxone and Nitrofuranation. Resistance to streptomycin was observed in 84.62% of the Salmonella isolates followed by gentamicin (67%), tetracycline (54%) and trimethoprim (53%). Intermediate resistance was seen towards cephalothin, neomycin and ciprofloxacin in 23.08%, 15.38% and 15.38% of the isolates, respectively. All of the13 Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the 17 antimicrobials tested. Seven (53.85%) were resistant to 4-8 antimicrobials. In conclusion, Salmonella is more common in fecal samples of sheep than the carcass swab and most of the isolates were multidrug resistant. To hamper the burden of Salmonella infection and contamination in live animals and animal products, it is critical that risk reduction strategies should be implemented throughout the food chain.
Keywords: Salmonella Sheep, Goat, Feces, Carcass, Antimicrobial,
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A thesis submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture of Addis
Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Veterinary Science in Veterinary Microbiology
Keywords
Salmonella Sheep, Carcass, Antimicrobial,