In Vitro Antipromastigote Activity of Methanol Extracts of Malva Parviflora Leaves and Roots Against Leishmania Donovani and Leishmania Aethiopica
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Date
2024-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease threatening the lives of about 350 million people, globally. There is a small selection of medications on the market that can be used to treat leishmaniasis. However, the currently available drugs are limited in number and have drawbacks including variable efficacy, toxicity and unaffordability which call upon search for viable options. The leaf and root of Malva parviflora are used for the treatment of leishmaniasis in traditional medicine in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antipromastigote activities of methanol extracts of Malva parviflora against Leishmania promastigotes. Fresh leaves and roots of Malva parviflora were chopped and then macerated with sufficient amount of 100% methanol at room temperature. Clinical isolates of L. donovani and L. aethiopica were obtained and the isolates were grown in tissue culture flasks containing RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. L. aethiopica and L. donovani at the logarithmic stages were inoculated in to liquid media for the assay. The percent inhibition of the growth of promastigotes of Leishmania species of the methanol extracts of leaf and root of M. Parviflora evaluated in vitro, at concentrations of 100 μg/ml and investigated for their anti-leishmanial activities against promastigotes of L. aethiopica and L. donovani and for their cytotoxicity. The percent of inhibition of leaf of Malva parviflora was 55.89 ± 2.19% and 79.84 ± 1.57% and the root of M. parviflora was 74.21 ± 2.39% and 78.81 ±1.88% respectively. The leaf extract has an IC50 of 1.73 and an IC50 of 0.002 against both promastigotes of L. aethiopica and L. donovani respectively. The IC50 of the root extract against L. aethiopica and L. donovani are 0.05 and 0.002 respectively. The leaf extract had a hemolysis percentage of 21.05 ± 11.54% and the root extract had 0 ± 26.54% percentage hemolysis of the extracts against human red blood cells. The leaf extracts had a selective index of 75.2 against L. aethiopica and a selective index of 260,200 against L. donovani isolates. The root extracts exhibited a selectivity index of >1000 against both L. aethiopica and L. donovani. The findings of this study conclude that the root extracts of Malva parviflora exhibit higher anti-leishmanial activities against both Leishmania strains and was found to be less toxic against human red blood cells when compared with the leaf extract. Further investigations on the bioactive compounds and fractions of M. Parviflora are recommended.
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Leishmaniasis, Leishmania Aethiopica, Leishmania Donovani, in Vitro, Anti-Promastigotes, M. Parviflora., Ethiopia