Antigen and Molecular Detection of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus From Disease Outbreak Cases in Sheep and Goats in Asossa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
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2020-06
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Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) disease is a severe, highly contagious and fatal viral disease of small ruminants causing a lot of production loss and mortality in Ethiopia. Limited serological and molecular reports indicated that the disease was highly prevalent in the study area and recently the data from the regional livestock agency indicated there was an improvement in vaccination coverage. Despite this, there was continuous occurrence of disease outbreak in the region. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate and genetically identify recently circulating PPR virus (PPRV) by molecular tools from outbreak cases in small ruminants in the Asossa zone, Benishangul-gumuz regional state. Cross sectional study design were applied from November 2019 to April 2020 for investigation of the disease in outbreak areas. A total of 27 swab samples (22 nasal and 5 rectal swab) were purposively collected from clinically suspected animals and examined for the presence of PPRV by Immune capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Ic ELISA) and a one-step Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (conventional and real time RT-PCR) assay. Of the clinical samples examined, 45.4% and 36.4% of the samples were positive for PPRV using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Immune capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Ic ELISA) respectively. Two out of twenty two PPRV
XIII
suspected sample was successfully isolated on Vero dog SLAM (VDS) cell line with the dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptor expressed on the cell surface and confirmed with Ic ELISA and RT-PCR. As evidenced from clinical finding, virus isolation and molecular detection indicated PPRV was circulating in the area where all of the cases were associated with unvaccinated and newly introduced small ruminants from the neighboring region indicating the possibility of the virus spread to different districts in the region. Therefore, vaccination strategies and vaccine coverage should be improved and implemented especially in newly introduced sheep and goat. Further investigation should be done regarding the molecular epidemiology and genetic analysis of the virus circulating in the region.
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Asossa Zone, Ethiopia, Goats and sheep, Ic ELISA,, Molecular detection Outbreak Investigation and Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus