Effects of Depo-medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Dmpa) on Lipid Profile, Body Weight and Blood Pressure Among Women in Tekele Hymanot and Lomeda Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2015-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Back ground: Depo-medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) is a long acting, injectable
progesterone derivative contraceptive which is currently used by more than 90 million women
worldwide, including Ethiopia. This contraceptive is suggested to induce changes in lipid profile,
body weight and blood pressure among various populations and ethnic group with different
patterns, similar to those associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Objective: To investigate the effects of use of DMPA on lipid profile, body weight and blood
pressure of women attending family planning unit in Tekele Hymanot and Lomeda Health
Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was followed on 50 healthy women
who had been using DMPA attending the family planning unit and another 50 age-matched
healthy controls who were not using any hormonal contraceptives, attending the family planning
and other unit in Health Centers between 14 February, 2015 and 13 March, 2015. Fasting blood
samples were collected from the study participants for the estimation of total cholesterol (TC),
triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, and the weight and blood pressure were measured during their visit.
The data obtained was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software packages. During
analysis descriptive statistics of variables was done. Student’s independent t-test, student’s
paired t-test, Pearson’s correlation-test and one-way ANOVA analysis of variance were used to
evaluate the presence of mean difference, correlation between variables and relationship between
changes in variables and duration of use of DMPA.
Results: Serum TC and LDL-c levels in DMPA users were significantly increased compared to
controls (P=.003 and P =.001, respectively), on the other hand, serum HDL-c level in DMPA
users was significantly decreased (P =.001) compared to controls. Serum TG level in DMPA
users was higher than control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant
(P=.24). The mean weight and body mass index (BMI) of DMPA users were increased
significantly (P =.02 and P =.019, respectively). There were no significant difference in mean
arterial blood pressure (MAP) of DMPA users compared to controls or compared to their
respective pretreatment value (P=.85, P=.67, respectively). Changes in variables of DMPA users
were independent (P>.05) to the duration of use of DMPA (6-24, 27-48 and 51-96 months).
Conclusions: Use of DMPA induces marked changes in lipid metabolism which included
development of high serum TC, LDL-c, TC to HDL-c and LDL-c to HDL-c ratio levels and a
marked decrease in serum HDL-c level compared to controls. DMPA users showed weight gain
and an increased BMI. All these changes appeared to be independent to the duration of use of
DMPA. But, DMPA use didn’t exert significant change in MAP of users.
Key words: DMPA, lipid profiles, weight gain, body mass index, blood pressure
Description
Keywords
DMPA; Lipid profiles; weight gain; Body mass index; Blood pressure