Aerobic Grm1--Negative Pharyngeal Bacilli of Adult Ethiopians: Carriage Rates and Antibiograms
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Date
1985-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The study was conducted to identify the types of Gramnegative
pharyngeal bacilli and to determine their prevalence
and antibiotic susceptibilities.
One~thousand pharyngeal sHab specimens were processed:
300 from students, 303 from adult employees of Berhanena-ยท
Selam Printing Press (BSP), 200 from hospital staff and 197
from patients. The isolates were iden'tified by standard
biochemical tests. All isolates were tested for their
sensitivities to 11 antibietics using the Kirby-Bauer technique.
Forty-five (15%) students, 53 (17.5%) employees of BSP,
27(13.5%) hospital staff and 54(27.4%) patients were carriers
of one or more Gram-negative bacilli (GNB).
The pharyngeal carriage rates of GNB were similar among
the various groups of healthy subjects (P>O.l) but they were
lower than that of the patients (peO.Ol). The increase in
prevalence vIaS not correlated to antimicrobial therapy, but
seems to be associated vlith underlying disease and duration
of hospitalization. There was no association between isolation
rates of GNB and age or sex.
Two hundred and nineteen strains of more than 18 species
of Enterobacteriaceae or nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli
were isolated. Colony counts of these organisms were lower
among healthy subjects than among pa'tients. Klebsiella Vias most frequently ir;olated (37%), followed by _~seudo2!'-0Tl_a.? (13.2%),
-E-n-te-r-o-b-a"ct-e-r (12.8%) and -A=c-i-n--e-t-o-b-a_c ... -t-e--r (10%). Others were
less frequently isolated. The frequency of isolation of
Klebsiell~ was higher from students (49%) than from the other
three study groups (32.5%; P<0.05).
The J)ol}rhospital isolates were more sensi ti ve than the
hospital isolates. Over 70% of the nonhospital isolat*s were
sensitive to 8 of the 11 antibiotics but 55%, 32% and 30%
were sensitive to cephalothin, carbenicillin and ampicillin
respectively. Over 74% of the hospital isolates were sensitive
to':only polymyxin, gen-tamicin and trimethoprim<'sulphamethoxazole.
About 59-64% of the hospital isolates were sensitive to
chloramphenicol, kanamycin and sulphadiazine, while to the
other antibiotics only below 33% were sensitive. Only 4.4%
of nonhospital isolates were sensitive to all. A few strains
showed intermediate susceptibilities to antibiotics.
Nultiple antibiotic resistance Has higher among the
hospital isolate (88.5%) than among the nonhospital isolates
(59.6%; P<O.OJ.). Eighty".three different resistance antibiograms
of 1 to 10 antibiotics were detected. The resistance antibiograms
were more varied among hospi<tal isolates than among
nonhospital isolates. Double resistance antibiograms Here
more frequent (28%) follO\<wd by triple resistance antibiograms
(16%).
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Biology