Genetic Diversity Study of Kabuli and Desi Type Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Varieties Using Agro-Morphological Traits, Nutritional Composition and Issr Marker
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Date
2020-05-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Genetic diversity study of Kabuli and Desi type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties using Agro-Morphological Traits, Nutritional Composition and ISSR Marker Ansha Ahmed. MSc. Thesis Addis Ababa University, January 2020 Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the oldest and most widely consumed legumes in the world due to its relatively high protein content and wide adaptability as a food grain. In Ethiopia an average chickpea yield on farmer’s field is low. Even released varieties produce about 3.5t/ha in research area, although it’s potential yield is more than 5t/ha. In Ethiopia, no studies were conducted on chickpea varieties genetic diversity assessment based on biochemical (nutritional and anti-nutritional) analysis and this study is designed to fill this gap. The study was designed to reveal the genetic diversity existing among Ethiopian chickpea varieties using phenotypic traits, biochemical analysis and ISSR markers. Field experiment was conducted at two environments’ (irrigation, main seasons) for agro-morphological performance, while the molecular part was conducted at Addis Ababa University (ISSR) and biochemical experiment was conducted at Holeta Agricultural Research Center and Ethiopian public Health Institutions. A total of 28 chickpea varieties were used for biochemical and ISSR markers, whereas 7 varieties were used for phenotypic traits. A total of 10 phenotypic traits, 9 traits for biochemical 5 ISSR primers were used to assess genetic diversity and interrelationship among Ethiopian chickpea varieties. The genomic DNA extraction was done based on modified CTAB extraction methods. The combined analysis of variance over the two seasons showed highly significant (p<0.01) variations among the varieties for the majority of traits. Genotype by environment interaction showed highly significant difference (p< 0.01) among traits. UPGMA constructed based on phenotypic traits revealed four major clusters and the first three principal components (PCs) accounted for 93.7% of the entire diversity among the varieties for all the 10 t0raits and the first two PCA revealed 73% of the total variation. UPGMA constructed based on nutritional and anti-nutritional traits revealed three major clusters and the five principal components (PCs) accounted for 90% of the entire diversity among the varieties for all the 9 traits and the first three PCA revealed 67% of the total variation. Five ISSR primers amplified 54 bands, of which 47 loci were polymorphic. The highest gene diversity (0.38) and Shannon index (0.55) were recorded by primer 889, while the least gene diversity (0.22) was revealed by primer 824. Therefore, the observed genetic variation in the study indicated the opportunity of using these materials in future Chickpea breeding program via introgression with other germplasm resources for improvement of better genotypes.
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Genetic Diversity, Issr, Phenotypic Traits, Nutritional Traits, Cicer Arietinum