Morphological and Biochemical Diversity in Recent Collections of Barley (Hordell111 Vulgare L.) From Various Regions of Ethiopia
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Date
2001-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
klorphological and isozyme diversity study of 47 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) populations
that were collected fi'om 11 regions in Ethiopia was undertaken for this study. The
populations with number of individuals ranging fi'om 43 to 45 per population, which make up
a total of 2057 individual plants were evaluated for 16 quantitative and 14 qualitative
IIIO/phological characters. Isozyme analysis was conducted using three enzyme systems:
esterase (ES1), asparatase aminotramjerase (AA1) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) for
seven barley populations selected after clustering them on mOlphological characters. Protein
analysis was determinedjar 47 barley populations based on the Kjeldahl standard procedure.
Several statistical methods' such as mean, coefficient of variations, estimates of heritability,
genetic advance, correlation coefficients, cluster analysis, chi-square test, principal
component analysis, discriminant analysis, correspondence analysis and Shannon-Weaver
diversity index (H) were lIsed to estimate the mOlphological variatiol1. Analysis of variance
showed that there were highly significant differences between populations. In principal
component analysis the first five principal components were contributed 85.5% of the total
variation. Discriminant analysis revealed that 45 populations out of 47 (95.7%) were
correctly c1assjfied to their respective cluster. Correspondence analysis result indicated that
the first five components or variables accounted for 89.15% of the total inertia while the first
two axes retained 67.79% of the total inertia. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') for
individual characters, populations, altitudinal classes and regions were estimated. Based 011
this, the H' value ranged ji'Oln 0 (monomOlphic) for awn colour and kernel cover to 1.0
(highly polymOlphic) for flag leaf area. Region wise comparison displayed higher magnitude
of differences. The variation rangedji'Oln H'=0.56 for Hararge to fJ'=O. 71 for ShelVa, Arsi and Gojam. Among 11 regions, Shewa, Arsi and Gojam showed highest diversity index. On
altitudinal base the highest diversity index (H'=0.74) was observed in altitudinal class of
2501-3000 m asl. The overall mean diversity index for ilie present Ethiopian barley was
estimated to be (H'=0.75). Phenotwic polymOlphism was observed for the esterase (EST)
enzyme and there was no variatiol1 observed for Aspartate aminotlYlnsferase (AAT) and
leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Correlation between Sliannol1- Weaver diversity index of
qualitative IJlOl]J/lO/ogical c/wracfers (flld isozYlIlcs' vui·hilro/ls ,,,,,llOwed sign(flc(lnl positive and
negative association. When l' < 0.05 is used, the following character combinations showed
significance. EST-l and Kernel colo III'; EST-3 and gillme hairiness; EST-4 and kernel colo III';
EST-2 and lodging; awn colo III' and glume hairiness; and flag leaf area and lodging. Est-3
and gil/me hairiness, and flag leaf (//:ea and lodging are the character combinations that
showed a negative significant correlation. Protein analysis of 47 barley populations was
undertaken and the result showed highly significal1t differences between populations,
altitudinal classes and regions. The present study indicated that regions with high diversity
index (H') are more important for germplasm collection amlfor identification of suitable sites
for in-situ conservation.
Key words: Hordeum vulgare; Barley genetic diversity; MOIphological character; Isozyme;
Protein
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Keywords
Hordeum vulgare, Barley genetic diversity, MOIphological character, Isozyme;Protein