Nanophotonics for 21st Century: From Fabrication to Application
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Date
2010-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
This project work gives a panoramic view of the past activities, present development and future directions
with multi-facets application possibilities of nanophotonics. Nanophotonics is a new paradigm of
nanoscience for 21st century, which deals with optical processes at the much smaller length scale than the
wavelength of optical radiation. The nanoscale matter-radiation interaction includes nanoscale
confinement of radiation, nanoscale confinement of matter, and nanoscale photo-physical or
photochemical transformation, offer numerous opportunities for both fundamental research and
technological applications. Two main broad areas of Nanophotonics are Surface Plasmonics and Photonic
Crystal. Surface Plasmonics are collective charge oscillations that occur at the interface between
conductors and dielectrics. Plasmonic devices have already shown to be excellent candidates for a number
of different optical applications. Photonic Crystals are artificial periodic structures whose dielectric
constant is periodically modulated in the order of light wave length, which can create arrange of
forbidden frequencies called a Photonic band gap (PBG). In Photonic Crystal structures, the band
structures ideas of solid state physics are applied to electromagnetic wave. Here we present mainly the
physics of nanophotonics, challenges in fabrications and many applications. This paper concludes with the
future of nanophotonics, seems bright and close to reality. This field is expected to revolutionize many
aspects of modern life. We start with a brief introduction and then elaborate the physics behind it. The
application areas are, however, wide spread and in every field of Science and Technology
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From Fabrication to Application