Histopathologic Pattern of Neoplastic Colorectal Lesions in Resection Specimens at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, over a 5 Year Period, 2016-2020
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Date
2020
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. By contrast, the small intestine, which accounts for 75% of the overall length of the gastrointestinal tract, is an uncommon site for benign and malignant tumors [1] Over 1.8 million new colorectal cancer cases and 881000 deaths are estimated to occur in 2018 accounting for about 1 in 10 cancer cases and deaths. Overall colorectal cancer ranks third in terms of incidence but 2nd in terms of mortality. During 2018, according to Globocan report on Ethiopia 2878 and 1671 new cases of colon and rectal cancers were diagnosed making colon and rectal cancers 5th and 11th in overall cancer incidence .In the same year 2371 and 1067 cases of colon and rectal cancer patients died which makes them 5th and 12th commonest causes of cancer related death. [2]
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine Histopathologic patterns of Neoplastic Colorectal Lesions in resection specimens in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.
Methods and materials: The study applies retrospective cross-sectional descriptive method to review Histopathologic reports of patients with Neoplastic Colorectal Lesions at resection specimens in the five years period (January 2016 to August 2020).The reports are collected from the pathology data archives and data analysis is done by Using IBM SPSS 23.0.
Result: A total of 208 colorectal resections fulfil the study criteria in the study period. From this 117 were males and 91 were females. Majority of the cases are in the 5th decade of life (41-50 years), 25%. The age of the study subjects ranges from the minimum of 19 to the maximum age of 87 forming the range of 68 and mean of 52.13. The Rectum is most common location (29.5%) of the lesions followed by the Sigmoid Colon (24.4%). Adenocarcinoma (194, 93.3%) is the most common Histopathologic pattern followed by Neuroendocrine Tumors (7, 3.4%) and 2 cases (1%) of High risk GIST. From the 194 cases of Adenocarcinoma 111 (57.2%) are Males and 83(42.8%) are Females, male to female ratio 1.34:1. The mean age patients with Adenocarcinoma is 51.73 and age range is 19-87.The Rectum 56(30.9%) followed by Sigmoid Colon 47 (26 %) are most common locations. From the total cases of adenocarcinoma 41 of them (21.1%) are aged below 40 while 153(78.9%) are aged above 40. Adenocarcinoma NOS is most common histologic subtype of Adenocarcinoma 165(85.1%) followed by mucinous Adenocarcinoma 26(13.4%) and Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma 3(1.5%).
Conclusion: This study reveals that majority of the colorectal cancers occur in the Recto Sigmoid area, in the 5th to 7th decades and more common in males. Adenocarcinoma is by far the most common Histopathologic pattern.
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Keywords
Neoplastic Colorectal ,Histopathologic pattern