Design And Simulation of An Energy-Efficient Model-Predictive Cruise Controller for Three Wheel Electric Vehicle
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Date
2025-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
As three-wheel electric vehicles (EVs) gain popularity in developing countries due to their affordability and environmental benefits, challenges related to energy efficiency and utilization remain critical. This research aims to enhance the energy efficiency and dynamic performance of these vehicles through advanced control techniques, specifically Model Predictive Control (MPC). The study identifies a significant research gap in the design of MPC controllers for three-wheel EVs, particularly due to the complexities of nonlinear vehicle dynamics and parameter uncertainties. To address this, we propose an energy-efficient MPC cruise controller for a Bajaj three-wheel EV, utilizing comprehensive mathematical models of vehicle dynamics, energy consumption, the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor, and the inverter. Simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in accurately tracking both constant and varying speed references. The results highlight the controller's ability to maintain a target speed of 35 km/h with minimal deviation, effectively responding to dynamic conditions. For instance, the vehicle accelerates from 0 to 25 km/h in just 10 seconds, reaches 35 km/h by 15 seconds, and decelerates smoothly to 25 km/h at the 30-second mark. This research not only contributes to the optimization of three-wheel EV performance but also lays the groundwork for future advancements in energy-efficient vehicle control systems.
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Keywords
Electric Vehicle, Energy Efficiency, Model Predictive Control, BLDC Motor, PID, Vehicle Dynamics, Bajaj