Hydraulic Engineering

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Browsing Hydraulic Engineering by Subject "AHP"

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    Evaluation of Irrigation Development based on Rain Water Harvesting at Jemma Sub-Basin, Upper Blue Nile River, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2026-02) Derara Gari Wakjira; Belete Birhanu
    In Ethiopia, where rain-fed agriculture is the major livelihood in the Jemma Sub-Basin, climate variability and water shortages persist as a continuing challenge. To address this problem, the present Research develops a geospatial and hydrological modelling solution for irrigation development assessment. This sustainable alternative can be achieved through rainwater harvesting (RWH). The approach included; In the sub-basin, a GIS-based analysis of multiple criteria was used to find 6983.70 km2 of irrigable land. Consideration should be given to components such as slope, soil type, and water accessibility. The Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) models was used. Subsequently, 2,274 potential sites were identified for water harvesting and storage combined, which can hold about 45.1 million cubic meters. The next step involved using the CROPWAT model to compute the irrigation water duty. The Dega zone was found to have a value of 90.07 ha/cumec and Weyna Dega zone 67.07 ha/cumec. The investigation revealed that the demand for irrigation water is 191.54 cumec for all identified suitable lands. Calibration of HYPE model was done, in order to assess the water availability in the catchment, three hydro-gauging stations have been established. It is evident that total available water in the Jemma Sub-Basin is 206.222 cumec. It is more than sufficient to meet total irrigation water demand. Thus, water availability does not pose a limitation. This confirms that irrigation development based on rainwater harvesting is a feasible and sustainable strategy to enhance agricultural production and water security in the area.
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    Green-Grey Infrastructure Development for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2026-05) Bilal Kemal Harun; Geremew Sahilu; Dereje Hailu (Co–Advisor); Daneal Fikeresilassie (Co–Advisor); Solomon Seyoum (Co–Advisor)
    Rapid urbanization and climate change intensify stormwater challenges in developing cities. Conventional grey systems fail under extreme events, and green infrastructure alone is insufficient on steep slopes and poorly draining Vertisol soils. This dissertation develops an Integrated Green-Grey Infrastructure (IGGI) framework for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, through four interlinked studies. First, a GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (AHP and ANP) maps IGGI suitability across the city. The ANP model (AUC = 0.92, RMSE = 0.12) outperforms AHP, identifying 59.86% of Addis Ababa as suitable for IGGI. Second, PCSWMM modeling of a 30-ha steep, Vertisol-dominated micro-watershed shows that under climate change (SSP5-8.5, mid-term) peak flows increase up to 83%, while urbanization (80% imperviousness) raises pollutant loads by 7–12%. Urbanization is the dominant driver of water quality decline. Third, a TOPSIS-AHP-PCSWMM evaluation of 30 stormwater infrastructure units reveals that 42.3% are ready for GI retrofitting, with sediment accumulation and conveyance capacity as key performance determinants. Fourth, a novel IGGI system integrating buried rain barrels with conventional rain gardens is field-tested in a steep, Vertisol-dominated contributing zone. The system achieves 43.5% peak-flow reduction, 36.7% runoff-volume reduction, and 37.2–42.4% pollutant-load reduction – substantially outperforming conventional systems. The findings provide a scalable, climate-resilient, and context-sensitive IGGI framework for Addis Ababa and comparable Global South cities, contributing directly to SDGs 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and 13 (Climate Action).