Clinical Trials

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Browsing Clinical Trials by Subject "Maternal dietary pattern , Neural tube defects"

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    Association of Maternal Dietary Pattern and Neural Tube Defects; A Case-control Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-07) Mohammedsanni, Afrah; Dr.Medhin, Girmay(MSc, PhD)
    Background: Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are significant public health problems with complex etiology. Maternal nutrition is one of the environmental factors to contribute to the etiology of NTDs. This study aims to assess the relationship of diet with NTDs among pregnant women who received antenatal care services in Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study from January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 in Zewditu Memorial hospital, Addis Ababa. A total of 252 pregnant women (63 cases and 189 controls) were included in the study. Pregnant women were matched on age, gestational age and gravidity. We used a 70-item food frequency questionnaire to assess the dietary intake of pregnant women. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. Cases and controls were confirmed by specialist gynecologists. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and neural tube defects. Result: We identified seven major dietary patterns using factor analysis: prudent pattern, traditional pattern, western pattern, Mediterranean pattern, raw meat and alcohol pattern, refined cereal and vegetable pattern and sugar and caffeine pattern. In the adjusted model, the odds of having a fetus affected with NTDs was 83% lower among women who had high intake of prudent pattern compared to those who had low intake (high vs. low intake: AOR=0.17; CI: 0.05 - 0.52). Likewise, women with high intakes of Mediterranean pattern scores were less likely to have a fetus affected with NTD (high vs. low intake: AOR=0.20; CI: 0.06 - 0.59). The odds of having NTDaffected fetus was 3 times higher among women with high consumption of traditional pattern scores (high vs. low intake: AOR=3.37; CI: 1.23 - 9.19) compared to those who with low consumption. There was no statistically significant association between western pattern adherence before pregnancy and neural tube defect in the adjusted model (high vs. low intake: AOR=1.40; CI: 0.41 - 4.73) Conclusion and recommendations: This study demonstrated that maternal adherence to high intake of prudent and Mediterranean diets a year before pregnancy have protective effects against NTDs. Conversely, pregnant women with high intake of traditional pattern one year prior to pregnancy are more likely to have a fetus affected with NTDs. Promoting healthy diet prior to pregnancy is one possible way to optimize reproductive outcomes. We suggest the application of dietary patterns as an approach to communicate healthy dietary choices to the public and formulate dietary guidelines.