Veterinary Microbiology

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Browsing Veterinary Microbiology by Subject "Afar region."

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    Detection, Isolation, Molecular Characterization, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) Circulating in Afar Region, Northeastern Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2025) Kebede Debebe; Hika Waktole
    Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, causing significant economic losses in endemic regions like Ethiopia. This study aimed to detect, isolate, and molecularly characterize PPR virus (PPRV) in suspected outbreaks across six districts of the Afar region. A total of 64 clinical samples were collected from ocular and nasal swabs, and 2 tissue samples were collected from suspected cases in goats and sheep. Immunocapture ELISA (Ic-ELISA) revealed an overall antigen positivity rate of 31.25% (20/64), all from goats (46.5%, 20/43), while sheep samples were uniformly negative. Virus isolation on Vero cell lines confirmed active viral replication in 7/20 swab and 2 tissue samples, as evidenced by characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE). RT-qPCR further validated PPRV in 80% (16/20) of the ELISA-positive samples, with Ct values ranging from 21.06 to 33.51, indicating variable viral loads. Twelve RNA extracts with low Ct values were submitted for partial nucleocapsid (N) gene sequencing; four yielded high-quality amplicons. Phylogenetic analysis of a 278 bp N gene fragment revealed that three isolates (ETH-7, ETH-8, ETH-12) clustered within Lineage IV, closely related to East African strains (e.g., ETH-PPRV2019, Tanzania-PPRV 2018). One isolate (ETH-11), however, was genetically indistinguishable from the Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain (Lineage II), suggesting potential vaccine virus shedding or exposure. These findings confirm the endemic circulation of PPRV predominantly Lineage IV in goats in Afar, with occasional detection of vaccine-like strains. The study highlights the need for DIVA compatible diagnostics, thermo stable vaccine formulations, and enhanced molecular characterization to support Ethiopia’s PPR control and eradication efforts.
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    Sero-Prevalence and Participatory Study of Contagious Caprine Plueropneumonia in Gulina Wereda, Afar National Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-04-10) Amare Getu; Tesfaye Sisay
    A cross sectional study of Contagious Caprine Pleuro pneumoma (CCPP) in goats was conducted from October 2007 to April 2008 to determine sero prevalence in Gulina district of Afar National Regional State. A total of 446 sera were collected from goats. Complement Fixation Test (CFT) was carried out at National Veterinary Institute. The Participatory approaches are holistic in nature where by all aspects of the phenomenon questions are studied by the use of multiple methods in a process referred to as triangulation. Camels had the highest proportion (44.6%) followed by 30.6% of goats to the relative importance of livestock species to pastoralists. The possible source of CCPP is watering followed by grazing (31.9%) due to goats gathered from different sites for the search of feed and water. The main control tactic for CCPP is Isolation of the affected goat(s). Among the cases in the area 34.7% were pasteurellosis followed by CCPP. Significant numbers of goat were lost due to CCPP (32.6%) next to PPR (38.7%). Drought (65%) is a major challenge to their livestock. The overall sero prevalence was 42.8% (n = 191). The age group sero prevalences were 42.4, 36.8 and 49% in age group less than 1, 1-3 years and >3 years older respectively. Sex specific sero prevalence observed was 40.9% in males and 43.7% in females. Because of few male goats compared to females in each flock, the contribution of males to the total sero positivity was only 32.9%. High significance association was found between Flock size 51-150 and greater than 150 (OR=25.6, P=O.OOO) to CFT test. Goats ofless than 1 year were found to be safer (OR=0.974, P=0.324).