Veterinary Microbiology

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Browsing Veterinary Microbiology by Subject "Addis Ababa"

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    Assessment of stray dog counting and knowledge, attitudes, and practice to wards rabies in households in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2024) Tewodros Legesse; Dr. Olana Merera
    Rabies is a fatal viral disease of animals and people. Dogs are the primary source of infection and the majority of human rabies cases result from dog bites. Information on both domestic and stray dog populations along Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) assessment regarding rabies is vitally important for rabies control. However the situation of rabies is poorly known in Ethiopia, mainly in urban areas. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the demography of stray dogs, the incidence of dog bites, and the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of society concerning rabies. Questionnaire survey was collected from November, 2023 to May, 2024 using Kobo Collect toolbox in selected sub city Gulele, Yeka and Arada in order to assess KAP of the respondents towards rabies in ouseholds. In the survey, out of 384 households (96.35%) of households owned at least one dog with a total number of 463 dogs (range: 1 to 5 dogs per household); the mean number of dogs per household was 1.25 (SE 0.58). From this 96.35% of dog owning households 51.2% of respondents, owned only one dog with dog: human ratio of 1:9. 70% of dog owning households have vaccinated their dogs against rabies. Nearly all (99%) of the respondents recognized the right response regarding the route of rabies transmission and had heard of rabies. However, 64.3% of research participants had a satisfactory level of suitable rabies prevention practices score, whereas 61.8% of individuals had a moderate level of knowledge and 59.8% had an intermediate level of attitude. In this study, even though the study participants have moderate knowledge, attitude and practice towards rabies, the dog bite management and dog vaccination practice is unsatisfactory on the last three years. Age, occupation, and the source of rabies information were all significantly correlated with knowledge score (P<0.05). The counting method was by using photo capturing method and by observation. In this study, male dogs were higher than female dogs. The total dog estimation of Gulele, Arada and Yeka sub cities had estimate 1050,783, 1282 respectively. There is huge population of stray dog in the studied sites which may serve as a risk for maintaining and transmission of rabies. Along the set of study objectives, the RabiCare android app was developed to create awareness on transmission, prevention and control of rabies in three most spoken languages.
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    SEROTYPING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF FMD VIRUS ISOLATED FROM OUTBREAK CASES IN SELECTED AREAS OF OROMIA REGION AND ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
    (2017-06) BEKSISA, URGE; Dr. Fufa Dawo , Dr. Daniel Gizaw
    Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an epitheliotropic and trans-boundary viral disease affecting cattle, sheep, goats and wild animals around the globe including Ethiopia. Outbreak investigation and cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2016 to April 2017 with the objectives of isolation, serotyping, molecular characterization and to determine risk factors for the occurrence of the disease in selected outbreak areas of Oromia region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Purposive sampling was done in the respective districts and kebeles where the outbreaks occurred. A total of 586 accessible cattle were examined in six districts and 226 (38.6%) showed clinical signs of the disease. Out of this, 352 animals were examined at Adea Berga dairy farm. Hence, outbreaks were investigated by collecting 123 samples from sick animals out of which 37 samples for virus isolation, 41 samples for identification of serotypes and 35 samples for molecular assays. Moreover, 312 bovine sera were collected from Welmera district during outbreak. The risk factor outbreak analysis showed that the overall morbidity and mortality at Adea Berga dairy farm was 36.9% and 3.12%, respectively. The risk of FMD infection in this farm was increased by 4.2 times (OR = 4.2, 95% CI (1.925-8.810) in calves than adult cattle. Among 312 sera samples, 30.8% (n=96) were FMD seropositive. The occurrence was (38.5%) in females and (15.8%) in males and it was statistically significant (χ2= 16.93, p = 0.001). Cross bred cattle were three times more likely to be infected (OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 2.10 -5.74) than local breeds. Furthermore, out of 37 cultured samples, 56.8% (n=21) exhibited FMDV cytopathic effect (CPE) and the viruses were isolated. A total of 41 samples were processed for antigen typing and 39.02% (n=16) were positive. The identified serotypes were; serotype O (34.2%), serotype A (17.1%), serotype SAT1 (4.9%) and serotype SAT2 (2.4%). Out of 50 samples tested by rRT- PCR, 18.1% (n=9) were positive for FMDV genome with Ct values ranging from 16.03-26.98 that were recorded in epithelial tissues and probang samples. Of the four serotypes identified, only serotype O virus isolates were characterized at molecular level by phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The isolates belonged to East Africa topotype-4 (EA-4). In conclusion, the study showed four serotypes were prevalent in the study areas; FMD control therefore depends to be instituted based on the availability of matching and potent vaccine against the serotypes per area.