Veterinary Microbiology

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Browsing Veterinary Microbiology by Subject "Abattoir"

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    Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Feaces of Slaughtered Cattle, Beef carcass and Abattoir Environment at Karalo Abattoir and Surrounding Butcher Shops, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (2020-06) Gebremichael Tilahun; Dr. Gezahegn Mamo, Dr. Tadesse Eguale
    The wide spread occurrence of food borne bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance are currently becoming the growing concern for animal and public health authorities. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Karalo area in Addis Ababa from December 2019 to May 2020 to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of E .coli isolates from faeces of cattle brought for slaughter, beef carcass, floor of slaughter hall and meat transporting vehicles at Karalo abattoir and the surrounding butcher shops. A total of 175 samples were systematically collected and examined to isolate and identify E.coli by using standard bacteriological technique. The overall occurrence of E.coli was 51/175 (29.1%; 95% CI: 22.8-36.37) and isolation of E.coli was the highest in faeces (13/35; 37.1%) followed by floor swab (12/35; 34.3%), vehicle swab (10/35; 28.6%), carcass swab in butcher shops (9/35; 25.7%) and carcass swab in abattoir (7/35; 20%). All E.coli isolates from different sample sources were 100% susceptible to Nalidixic acid , Ciprofloxacin and Cefitriaxone . On the other hand, 84.3% (43/51) of E.coli isolates showed resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents. The highest level of resistance was observed to Sulfisoxasole (76.5%) in all samples followed by Cephalotine (64.7%), Ampicillin (47.1%), Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (43.1%), Tetracycline (41.2%) and Streptomycin (33.3%). Over 69% of isolates from fecal samples and 90% of isolates obtained from vehicle swab were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials of which multidrug resistance as high as seven antimicrobials was recorded in a single isolate from feacal sample. Considerable proportions of feaces, carcass and premises in the present study harbored drug resistant E.coli which has a significant risk to public health by passing through food of animal origin. Therefore, appropriate intervention program and awareness creation on best practice of hygiene and sanitary measures on abattoirs as well as best handing practice of carcass in butcher shops are essential to minimize the risk associated with consumption of contaminated meat. Education on the surveillance and rational use of antimicrobial agents in animals and animal products are crucial. Furthermore, investigation on sources of contamination of meat in abattoirs, their environment and associated butcher shops play an important role in decreasing microbial contamination to ensure consumer safety.
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    BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACTS OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY AND PNEUMONIC CAMELS (CAMELUS DROMEDARIES) IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF AFAR REGION, ETHIOPIA
    (2012-06) MU’UZ, GEBRU; Dr. Tesfaye Sisay, Dr. Genene Tefera
    A cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and characterize the normal bacterial flora and bacterial agents implicated in pneumonia from the respiratory tract of the apparently healthy and pneumonic camels in the selected districts of Asayita and Dubti woredas of Afar Region. A total of 532 samples including 384 nasal swabs, 74 lung tissues and the same number of corresponding tracheal swabs were collected for bacteriological examination from September 2011 to May 2012. Generally, 903 bacterial isolates that constituted 14 different genera were identified from both the field and abattoir based study. The 384 nasal specimens collected yielded a total of 641 bacterial isolates. CNS, 28.6%, Bacillus, 13.5%, S. aureus, 13.3% and E. coli, 7.8% were the leading bacterial species isolated from the nasal tracts of apparently healthy camels. Nasal swabs collected from the pneumonic camels revealed S. aureus, CNS, Bacillus species and K. pneumoniae at a rate of 28.0%, 11.7%, 11.3% and 7.0%, respectively. E. coli, 12.7%, Proteus species, 10.9%, and K. pneumoniae, 9.1% were recognized at higher proportions among the 55 bacteria identified from the normal lungs. On the other side, S. aureus, S. equi subsp. equi and P. multocida were the frequently encountered species in the pneumonic lungs with the incidence of 16.3%, 13.0% and 10.9%, respectively. The majority of the isolates colonized all the anatomical sites investigated. However, a general decrease in the isolation rate was observed as one goes down the respiratory passageways. There was a statistically significant difference between the health status of the camels as well as along the anatomical sites studied with the isolation rates of the major camel respiratory pathogens (p<0.05). Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and S. pneumoniae were identified using the Omnilog®-Biolog identification system at the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Addis Ababa. The majority of the strains of the camel respiratory pathogens were found susceptible to norfloxacin, streptomycin and gentamicin but resistant to the action of ampicillin and tetracycline on the invitro test. Further studies on the demonstration of the role of other microorganisms, the pathogenicity of S. equi subsp. equi, identification of the serotypes involved and development of polyvalent vaccine are recommended to allow the progress of preventive methods.
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    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA, BIBERSTEINIA TREHALOSI AND PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA FROM CATTLE AND SHEEP FROM SELECTED AREAS OF ETHIOPIA
    (2018-06) Abebe, Wirtu; Dr. Gezahegn Mamo, Dr. Teshale Sori; Dr. Bersissa Kumsa
    Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a multifactorial respiratory disease of cattle and sheep caused by combination etiologic agents; hence, reliable information is needed on the inventory of Pasteurella species for optimum control of the disease. This study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 with objectives of isolation and identification of Pasteurella organisms and assessment of their antibiotic sensitivity profiles from cattle and sheep using conventional and molecular methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on samples collected from abattoirs (Bishoftu and Sululta area) and nasal swabs from cattle and sheep brought to Sendafa veterinary clinic for various reasons. A total of 149 nasal swabs (74 cattle and 75 sheep) were collected and examined using bacteriological methods, of which 33 (22.15%) yielded positive results for Pasteurella, Mannheimia and Bibersteinia species. Out of the 33 isolates 15 (20.27%) were from cattle and 18 (24.00%) were from sheep. The species composition of the isolates showed that 15 (10.07%), 7 (4.7%) and 11 (7.38%) of them were M. haemolytica, B. trehalosi and P. multocida, respectively. Pasteurella species were more frequently isolated from pneumonic (36.84%) cattle than non-pneumonic ones (2.78%). Similarly Pasteurella species were more frequently isolated from pneumonic sheep (41.03%) than non-pneumonic counterparts (5.56%). Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 8.72% of the pneumonic cases, P. multocida from 7.38% and B. trehalosi from 4.02% of pneumonic cases. From 176 pneumonic lung samples (93 cattle and 83 sheep) collected from abattoirs Pasteurella species were isolated from 48 (27.27%) of them comprising 24.73% (23) from cattle and 30.12% (25) from sheep. The isolates comprised M. haemolytica (13.07%), B. trehalosi (7.39%) and P. multocida (6.83%). Molecular characterization also confirmed the identity of P. multocida and M. haemolytica. In addition, the P. multocida isolates were identified to be similar to serovars A1 and A3 found in the Gene bank. The isolates were found to be resistant to the commonly used antibiotics Cloxacillin and Ampicillin (77.78 -100%); whereas they showed sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Norfloxacillin and Oxytetracycline (71.43 -100%). This study revealed that M. haemolytica, P. multocida and B. trehalosi are commonly circulating in cattle and sheep originated from various parts of the country.
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    PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBLITY PROFILE OF SALMONELLA IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE AND LACTATING COWS IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (2014-06) Bulako, Chebo; Dr. Bedaso Mamo, Dr. Ashenafi Feyissa
    The survey was conducted on 133 apparently healthy slaughtered cattle and 202 lactating dairy cattle at selected towns of central Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Bishoftu, Adama, Holeta and Asella) from December 2013 to June 2014. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella in lactating cows and slaughtered cattle, Assess the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates and find out some of the risk factors of milk and carcass contamination. A total of 984 samples from farms and abattoirs consisting of udder milk, tank milk, pooled buckets swab, pooled tank swab, feces from lactating animals, milkers’ hand swab, carcass swab, cecal content from slaughtered animals, mesenteric lymph node, pooled butchers’ hand swab, pooled carcass hanging materials swab and pooled knives swab were collected. The samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella following standard techniques and procedures outlined by the international organization for standardization. In a total of 335 animals examined, 29 (8.7%) were positive of these, 13(9.8%) were slaughtered cattle and 16 (7.92%) were lactating cows. In a total of 984 different samples Salmonella was isolated 66(6.71%). In 545 samples originated from farms Salmonella was isolated in 26(4.77%) of which 4(1.91%) was udder milk, 1(2.94%) tank milk, 1(2.94%) pooled buckets swab, 3(8.82%) pooled tank swab, 16(7.92%) feces from lactating animals and 1(2.94%) milkers’ hand swab. From 439 samples collected from abattoirs Salmonella was isolated in 40(9.11%) of which 13(7.10%) carcass swab, 7(5.34) cecal content from slaughtered animals, 6(12.72%) mesenteric lymph node, 4(15.38%) pooled butchers’ hand swab, 5(23.80%) pooled carcass hanging materials swab and 5(17.85%) pooled buchers’ knives swab. Salmonellae were detected from all test samples obtained from farms and abattoirs. Up on assessment of association of milk contamination with risk factors, carrier animals and Salmonella contaminated tanks were found to be potential risk factors. Up on assessment of carcass contamination with potential risk factors, carcass hoisted on Salmonella positive hanging materials was found to be four times more likely to be contaminated with Salmonella compared to carcass hoisted on Salmonella negative hanging materials. Total 66 isolates obtained from the study were tested for ten different antimicrobials that were commonly used in human as well as 2 animal treatment, and available in the market. 56 (84.8%) were resistant to one or more of the tested antimicrobials. Of the resistant isolates, 87.5% (49 of 56) of them developed resistant to more than one drug.