Browsing by Author "Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)"

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    Assessment of magnitude and factors affecting nutritional status of HIV infected under-five children at five public hospitals in Addis Ababa and its programmatic implication
    (2014-02) Mekonnen, Atnafu; Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)
    Background: Even though malnutrition can affect any child who is at risk, HIV infected children are at a greater risk to have malnutrition due to the synergistic relationship between infection and malnutrition. Objective: to assess factors affecting nutritional status of HIV infected under-five children at five public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Methods: the research was conducted at five public hospitals in Addis Ababa using a cross-sectional research design and data was collected from June 3 to September 20, 2013. Using simple random sampling method 243 under five HIV infected children were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed by running simple frequencies, odds ratio and binary logistic regression. Result: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and Global Acute Malnutrition among the children were 15.4%, 62.1% and 2.5% respectively. Under multivariate analysis CD4 percentage equal to or above 25% was protective of stunting while always not having enough food in the family of the child was significant in the model for predicting stunting. Maternal age from 36-49 years old was found to be protective of being underweight while being a girl was protective of wasting. Conclusion and recommendation: the magnitude of chronic malnutrition in the HIV infected under five children having follow up in the five public hospitals was very high which can affect survival. It needs intervention by addressing the food insecurity and CD4 percentage value of the child which were related to it.
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    Assessment of Quality of Midwifery Care in Teaching and non- Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2016-06) Admassu, Azeb; Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)
    Background: Quality of midwifery care improves health outcomes by providing technically sound care for clients (1). This quality may affected by teaching and learning process. some literature says that teaching learning process has positive influence on quality of midwifery care (14) but others studies done in Iran says that quality of maternity care is poor in teaching hospital than non teaching hospital (20) . In our country Ethiopia no study is done on hospital teaching status affects quality of midwifery care. As this study is new and fill the evidence gap on issue. Objective: To assess the quality of midwifery care in teaching and non-teaching hospital by comparing the two types of hospitals and measuring satisfaction, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: Facility based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 416 mothers who had received labor and delivery service in St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College and All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Hospital which are teaching and non- teaching hospitals respectively. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select mothers who were admitted for delivery and gave birth in the study ward. Data collection was done by administrating structured questionnaire and using standard observation checklist. In the analysis, descriptive statistics was used and multivariate and bi variate analysis for significance and association were carried out. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Addis Ababa University School of Public Health and St Paul Hospital millennium Medical Collage Ethical Review Committee and permission litter obtained from All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Hospital. Results: It was found that mothers in the non-teaching hospital were 5.4 times more likely to be satisfied than in the teaching hospital (COR (C l) (5.46 (3.39, .8.31) p value 0.001)) and quality of midwifery care was 1.49 times more likely good in non-teaching hospital than in teaching; (COR (CI) (1.49 (1.018, 2.206) P value 0.040). Conclusion: In conclusion the quality of midwifery care is affected by teaching learning process which is quality carries higher in the non-teaching hospital compared with the teaching hospital. From bi variant logistic regression finding, mothers in the non-teaching hospital were 5.4 times more likely to be satisfied than in the teaching hospital.
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    Assessment of Risky Sexual Behavior and Parental Communication among youth in Dilla Town, Gedeo Zone, South, Nation, Nationality and People National Region, 2012
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2012-06) Eshete, Akine; Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)
    Background: A risky sexual behavior brings serious consequences to the health and well-being of youths. To lessen such consequences sexual communication plays a crucial role. Studies done in different countries showed that family communication on a sexual issue has been positively associated with a delay of risky sexual behaviors. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and factors associated with it among youths and youth-parent communication on sexual issues in Dilla town, Gedeo Zone, south Ethiopia, 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study supplemented by qualitative method was conducted from January 5 to 25 in Dilla town. A total of 598 respondents were involved in the study. Quantitative data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaires; and qualitative data were collected by FGDs. Data entered and analyzed using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 and SPSS version 16 respectively. A univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out and multivariate analysis was computed to identify associated factors of risky sexual behavior. The recorded FGDs of qualitative data were transcribed verbatim. Each of the terms/ cluster/ were combined in to discrete /separate/ concepts and coded. Over all interpretation was performed in relation to the study questions. Results: Nearly half, (48.3%) of sexual practice was unprotected with similar proportion of males and females (24.8% Vs 23.5%) among study subjects in last 12 months. Males were two times more likely to have multiple sexual partners than females (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.21). Furthermore, (23.9%) of sexually active youths had multiple sexual partners and (12.6%) of sexually active youths had sex with non-regular sexual partners in last 12 months. Females were nearly three times more likely had sex with non-regular partners than males (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.10, 6.51). With regard to youth-parent communication, 22.9% of youths have had discussion on sexual issues with their parents. Youths prefer the same sex from their parents as well as from their peer friends to discuss sexual matters. Conclusion: Risky sexual behavior was very common in both sexes. Youths who were substance users and who lacked parental communication were more likely to have risky sexual behavior.
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    Assessment of the difference of school feeding programme on school participation among primary school children in Bishoftu Town, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-07) Guta, Asmamaw; Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)
    Introduction: Empirical studies reveal that school feeding programs have significant positive impact on school participation. Such studies suggest school feeding programs are effective in encouraging school enrollment, enhancing class attendances, and lowering student drop-outs. To the contrary, few other studies reveal that there are no observable impacts of school feeding program on school participation Objective: Compare the difference in school participation; specifically on school enrollment, class attendance and drop-out of students of school feeding program beneficiary and nonbeneficiary children of primary school, in Bishoftu Town of East Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: Community based comparative cross-sectional study was employed to compare the difference in school participation of 428 respondents from school feeding program and 428 respondents from non school feeding program schools. Simple random sampling technique was employed to identify the schools and study participants; household questionnaire, key informant interviews and school record review were used to collect data. Collected quantitative data were analyzed using mean, proportion, independent sample test and bivariate correlation techniques. The study was carried out after getting permission from research and ethics committee of School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University College of Health Science. Results: Except enrollment (p=.001) the study found no significant positive effect of school feeding program on two of school participation indicators (attendance and drop-out), although it has some roles with regard to these objectives. The result also shows that the major factors affecting school enrollment are availability of school, school factor, distance to school, the availability of food incentives and safety concerns. Whereas, those affecting class attendance and student drop-out were illness, domestic work (29.3% for SFP and 21.41% for non SFP households), school hour hunger and distance to school. Besides, it has been determined that even among beneficiary (p=0.001) households, the older the household head is the higher likely that the children get enrolled. However, it is found that neither household head education nor household income have significant effect on student drop-out in beneficiary households. Conclusion: The study recommends that both the nutritional and economic values of school feeding program should be improved in order to significantly enhance school participation.
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    Factors influencing utilization of PMTCT service and referral linkage among HIV positive pregnant women before delivery in Hawassa public health facilities
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2013-06) Adugna, Fanna; Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)
    Background : Mother -to- child transmission of HIV infection is the major source of infection under the age of 15 and global coverage of prevention of mother-to-child services reached 53% in 2009 .However, factors that influence utilization of PMTCT service and referral linkage to chronic ART clinic for HIV positive pregnant women are not well studied in Hawassa town. Objective: To assess factors that influence utilization of PMTCT service and referral linkage to chronic care before delivery in HIV positive pregnant women. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted in 6 Hawassa town public health facilities. Using systematic sampling procedure 588 study subject were included in the study. Indepth interview was also used to gather greater depth of information. A pretested structured questioner was used to collect data and the data analyzed using SPSS version 17. Moreover, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model with crude and adjusted OR along with their 95% confidence interval were used to see the independent effect of factors influencing utilization of PMTCT service. Results: A total number of 588 pregnant women were included in this study. Five hundred thirty one (90.3%) of the respondents reported they had under gone voluntary counseling and testing and 522(98.67%) of those who were tested received the test result and Four hundred ninety nine (95.6%) were negative and twenty three (4.4%) were positive. Out of 23 women who were positive HIV status twenty women were linked to chronic ART care service 12 of them with formal referral linkage and eight of with non-formal and nine of those who were linked to chronic ART care service started HAART while seven started ARV prophylaxis. Pregnant women who were two or more number of ANC attendance were more likely to utilize PMTCT service when compared to other sources [AOR=2.99% CI=1.44, 6.23]. The pregnant women believed that their husbands support couple testing were associated with utilization of PMTCT service [AOR=16.2,95% CI= 6.58, 39.67].The pregnant women who support the idea of every pregnant should be tested also associated with utilization of PMTCT service [AOR=9.86, 95% CI=3.67, 26.51]. Conclusion: partner involvement, increasing access of women to VCT, community based education and sensitization targeted to the women and promoting PMTCT service to all facility and improving referral system and getting feedback between facilities will create good referral system between facilities is recommended. VII
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    Predictors of Child Diarrheal Diseases in Cltsh and Phast Approach Implemented areas in Shebedino District, Sidama Zone, South Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2013-07) Tamiru, Bilutkenaw; Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)
    Background: Diarrhea is mainly caused by poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is the second largest single cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. It kills more young children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Direct consequences of diarrhea on children include growth faltering, malnutrition, and impaired cognitive development in resource-limited countries. Objective: To identify predictors of diarrheal diseases among children in CLTSH and PHAST approaches implemented areas in Shebedino district, Sidama zone, south Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case control study was conducted in ten Kebeles of Shebedino district. Census was done to identify all cases and controls. From 14,463 households a total of 294 samples (147 cases and 147 controls) were selected by simple random sampling technique. Cases were children in the age group of 6 to 24 months and who had three or more loose or watery stools in the last six months prior to survey. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Collected data were entered in to Epi-info and transferred to SPSS version 16.0. Bivariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were employed. Results: Children in households with none out of five latrine components [Adj. OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.25, 9.46)] and one out of five components [Adj. OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.65, 12.75)] were more likely to develop diarrhea compared to counterparts. Hand washing practice showed a significant odds [Adj. OR: 4.78, 95% CI: (2.14, 8.94)] of developing diarrhea. Attitude of mothers showed a significant odds [Adj. OR=2.12, 95% CI: (1.93, 5.10) of developing diarrhea. Similarly, diarrheal diseases were higher among children fed with hand compared to those fed using cap and spoon [Adj. OR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.54, 12.42)]. Conclusion: poor latrine components, poor practice of hand washing, negative attitude and poor child feeding practice were strongly associated with the occurrence of diarrheal disease among children in the age group of 6 to 24 months in CLTSH and PHAST approaches implemented areas. Affordable simple designs of latrines construction with entire components should be included in the approaches; the approaches should also give strong emphasis on hygiene components, and provide simple and "easy to understand" information to the mothers or caretakers on how to prevent child diarrheal diseases.
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    Predictors of Child Diarrheal Diseases in Cltsh and Phast Approach Implemented Areas in Shebedino District, Sidama Zone, South Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2013-07) Tamiru, Bilutkenaw; Zergaw, Ababi (PhD)
    Background: Diarrhea is mainly caused by poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is the second largest single cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. It kills more young children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Direct consequences of diarrhea on children include growth faltering, malnutrition, and impaired cognitive development in resource-limited countries. Objective: To identify predictors of diarrheal diseases among children in CLTSH and PHAST approaches implemented areas in Shebedino district, Sidama zone, south Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case control study was conducted in ten Kebeles of Shebedino district. Census was done to identify all cases and controls. From 14,463 households a total of 294 samples (147 cases and 147 controls) were selected by simple random sampling technique. Cases were children in the age group of 6 to 24 months and who had three or more loose or watery stools in the last six months prior to survey. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Collected data were entered in to Epi-info and transferred to SPSS version 16.0. Bivariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were employed. Results: Children in households with none out of five latrine components [Adj. OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.25, 9.46)] and one out of five components [Adj. OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.65, 12.75)] were more likely to develop diarrhea compared to counterparts. Hand washing practice showed a significant odds [Adj. OR: 4.78, 95% CI: (2.14, 8.94)] of developing diarrhea. Attitude of mothers showed a significant odds [Adj. OR=2.12, 95% CI: (1.93, 5.10) of developing diarrhea. Similarly, diarrheal diseases were higher among children fed with hand compared to those fed using cap and spoon [Adj. OR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.54, 12.42)]. Conclusion: poor latrine components, poor practice of hand washing, negative attitude and poor child feeding practice were strongly associated with the occurrence of diarrheal disease among children in the age group of 6 to 24 months in CLTSH and PHAST approaches implemented areas. Affordable simple designs of latrines construction with entire components should be included in the approaches; the approaches should also give strong emphasis on hygiene components, and provide simple and "easy to understand" information to the mothers or caretakers on how to prevent child diarrheal diseases.